Hi,
I understand that you want to simulate handover in a heterogeneous cellular network. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) typically include a mix of macro cells, small cells, and other types of base stations. Simulating handover processes in such networks requires modeling the network environment, user mobility, signal strength, and decision criteria for handover.
Please find the example MATLAB code below to understand the simulation of the handover:
- Network Setup: Please define the positions and types of base stations (e.g., macro cells, micro cells, pico cells) and set parameters like transmission power, frequency, and coverage area.
- User Mobility Model: Then the next step is to simulate user movement within the network using a mobility model (e.g., random walk, predefined paths).
macroCellPos = [500, 500];
smallCellPos = [200, 200; 800, 200; 200, 800; 800, 800];
userPos = rand(numUsers, 2) * areaSize;
- Signal Strength Calculation: Now calculate the received signal strength (RSS) from each base station at the user's location, considering path loss models, shadowing, and fading effects etc.
userPos(u, :) = userPos(u, :) + (rand(1, 2) - 0.5) * velocity;
distToMacro = norm(userPos(u, :) - macroCellPos);
rssMacro = -30 - 10 * pathLossExponent * log10(distToMacro) + ...
normrnd(0, shadowingStdDev);
rssSmall = zeros(numSmallCells, 1);
distToSmall = norm(userPos(u, :) - smallCellPos(s, :));
rssSmall(s) = -30 - 10 * pathLossExponent * log10(distToSmall) + ...
normrnd(0, shadowingStdDev);
- Handover Decision: You can implement a handover decision algorithms based on criteria such as RSS, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), or quality of service (QoS) requirements.
[maxRss, bestCell] = max([rssMacro; rssSmall]);
if maxRss > handoverThreshold
fprintf('User %d handed over to cell %d at time %d\n', u, bestCell, t);
end
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 1
User 2 handed over to cell 3 at time 8
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 22
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 29
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 34
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 35
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 45
User 2 handed over to cell 3 at time 46
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 46
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 68
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 72
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 76
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 86
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 87
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 90
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 91
User 10 handed over to cell 5 at time 92
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 94
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 98
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 115
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 118
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 126
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 133
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 136
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 139
User 8 handed over to cell 1 at time 139
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 140
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 145
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 148
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 157
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 159
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 163
User 7 handed over to cell 1 at time 167
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 169
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 193
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 199
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 202
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 211
User 8 handed over to cell 1 at time 214
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 224
User 8 handed over to cell 3 at time 225
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 243
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 245
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 248
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 261
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 267
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 274
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 274
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 285
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 295
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 295
User 10 handed over to cell 5 at time 301
User 10 handed over to cell 5 at time 302
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 305
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 310
User 9 handed over to cell 4 at time 320
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 327
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 342
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 345
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 364
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 369
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 378
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 381
User 8 handed over to cell 1 at time 391
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 398
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 414
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 422
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 423
User 10 handed over to cell 5 at time 431
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 432
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 440
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 441
User 2 handed over to cell 3 at time 462
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 470
User 10 handed over to cell 5 at time 480
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 486
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 491
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 493
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 512
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 514
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 518
User 2 handed over to cell 3 at time 520
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 529
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 532
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 536
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 546
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 554
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 564
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 583
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 589
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 593
User 3 handed over to cell 2 at time 599
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 602
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 603
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 609
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 610
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 612
User 2 handed over to cell 3 at time 617
User 4 handed over to cell 1 at time 618
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 622
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 632
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 640
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 643
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 652
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 654
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 657
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 658
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 660
User 8 handed over to cell 3 at time 664
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 672
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 674
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 680
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 685
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 687
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 690
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 699
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 746
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 749
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 752
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 753
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 763
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 767
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 770
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 776
User 2 handed over to cell 3 at time 780
User 2 handed over to cell 3 at time 791
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 794
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 796
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 815
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 820
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 829
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 840
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 859
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 901
User 4 handed over to cell 5 at time 919
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 924
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 926
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 928
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 932
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 935
User 7 handed over to cell 5 at time 942
User 1 handed over to cell 1 at time 982
User 8 handed over to cell 1 at time 999
For more information, please refer to this MATLAB R2024b documentation link on System-level Simulations:
I hope this helps!
