How to use the attached excel file below to do a Fourier conversion and display the spectrogram?

your signal has been detrended and downsampled . But I wonder what you can tell from the spectrogram as the du=ynamic part of your signal is a very low frequency oscillation. i put the frequency axis of the spectrogram in log scale with the hope we would see a bit better what we have below 1 Hz , but even then the frequency resolution is still a bit too coarse (as the time length of the record is also limited)

then we have a bit of noise on top with a energy spectrum that decays with frequency .

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% load signal

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

filename = ('backup_5.xlsx');

T = readtable(filename);

Warning: Column headers from the file were modified to make them valid MATLAB identifiers before creating variable names for the table. The original column headers are saved in the VariableDescriptions property.
Set 'VariableNamingRule' to 'preserve' to use the original column headers as table variable names.

time = T.Time;

[h,m,s] = hms(time); % extract hour,minutes,seconds from datetime or duration

s = s +60*m+3600*h; % convert all into seconds

time = s;

signal = T.Voltage_0_Filtered_;

dt = mean(diff(time));

Fs = 1/dt; % sampling rate

[samples,channels] = size(signal);

% optionnal detrend

signal = detrend(signal);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% FFT parameters

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

NFFT = 256*4; %

OVERLAP = 0.95; % must be between 0 and 0.95

% spectrogram dB scale

spectrogram_dB_scale = 100; % dB range scale (means , the lowest displayed level is XX dB below the max level)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% options

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% if you are dealing with acoustics, you may wish to have A weighted

% spectrums

% option_w = 0 : linear spectrum (no weighting dB (L) )

% option_w = 1 : A weighted spectrum (dB (A) )

option_w = 0;

%% decimate (if needed)

% NB : decim = 1 will do nothing (output = input)

decim = 4;

if decim>1

Fs = Fs/decim;

for ck = 1:channels

newsignal(:,ck) = decimate(signal(:,ck),decim);

end

signal = newsignal;

end

samples = length(signal);

time = (0:samples-1)'*1/Fs;

%%%%%% legend structure %%%%%%%%

for ck = 1:channels

leg_str{ck} = ['Channel ' num2str(ck) ];

end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% display 1 : time domain plot

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

figure(1),plot(time,signal);grid on

title(['Time plot / Fs = ' num2str(Fs) ' Hz ']);

xlabel('Time (s)');ylabel('Amplitude');

legend(leg_str);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% display 2 : averaged FFT spectrum

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

[freq, sensor_spectrum] = myfft_peak(signal,Fs,NFFT,OVERLAP);

% convert to dB scale (ref = 1)

sensor_spectrum_dB = 20*log10(sensor_spectrum);

% apply A weigthing if needed

if option_w == 1

pondA_dB = pondA_function(freq);

sensor_spectrum_dB = sensor_spectrum_dB+pondA_dB;

my_ylabel = ('Amplitude (dB (A))');

else

my_ylabel = ('Amplitude (dB (L))');

end

figure(2),plot(freq,sensor_spectrum_dB);grid on

df = freq(2)-freq(1); % frequency resolution

title(['Averaged FFT Spectrum / Fs = ' num2str(Fs) ' Hz / Delta f = ' num2str(df,3) ' Hz ']);

xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');ylabel(my_ylabel);

legend(leg_str);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% display 3 : time / frequency analysis : spectrogram demo

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

for ck = 1:channels

[sg,fsg,tsg] = specgram(signal(:,ck),NFFT,Fs,hanning(NFFT),floor(NFFT*OVERLAP));

% FFT normalisation and conversion amplitude from linear to dB (peak)

sg_dBpeak = 20*log10(abs(sg))+20*log10(2/length(fsg)); % NB : X=fft(x.*hanning(N))*4/N; % hanning only

% apply A weigthing if needed

if option_w == 1

pondA_dB = pondA_function(fsg);

sg_dBpeak = sg_dBpeak+(pondA_dB*ones(1,size(sg_dBpeak,2)));

my_title = ('Spectrogram (dB (A))');

else

my_title = ('Spectrogram (dB (L))');

end

% saturation of the dB range :

% saturation_dB = 60; % dB range scale (means , the lowest displayed level is XX dB below the max level)

min_disp_dB = round(max(max(sg_dBpeak))) - spectrogram_dB_scale;

sg_dBpeak(sg_dBpeak<min_disp_dB) = min_disp_dB;

% plots spectrogram

figure(2+ck);

ind = (fsg>0);

imagesc(tsg,fsg(ind),sg_dBpeak(ind,:));colormap('jet');

axis('xy');colorbar('vert');grid on

df = fsg(2)-fsg(1); % freq resolution

title([my_title ' / Fs = ' num2str(Fs) ' Hz / Delta f = ' num2str(df,3) ' Hz / Channel : ' num2str(ck)]);

xlabel('Time (s)');ylabel('Frequency (Hz)');

set(gca,'Yscale','log');

end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

function pondA_dB = pondA_function(f)

% dB (A) weighting curve

n = ((12200^2*f.^4)./((f.^2+20.6^2).*(f.^2+12200^2).*sqrt(f.^2+107.7^2).*sqrt(f.^2+737.9^2)));

r = ((12200^2*1000.^4)./((1000.^2+20.6^2).*(1000.^2+12200^2).*sqrt(1000.^2+107.7^2).*sqrt(1000.^2+737.9^2))) * ones(size(f));

pondA = n./r;

pondA_dB = 20*log10(pondA(:));

end

function [freq_vector,fft_spectrum] = myfft_peak(signal, Fs, nfft, Overlap)

% FFT peak spectrum of signal (example sinus amplitude 1 = 0 dB after fft).

% Linear averaging

% signal - input signal,

% Fs - Sampling frequency (Hz).

% nfft - FFT window size

% Overlap - buffer percentage of overlap % (between 0 and 0.95)

[samples,channels] = size(signal);

% fill signal with zeros if its length is lower than nfft

if samples<nfft

s_tmp = zeros(nfft,channels);

s_tmp((1:samples),:) = signal;

signal = s_tmp;

samples = nfft;

end

% window : hanning

window = hanning(nfft);

window = window(:);

% compute fft with overlap

offset = fix((1-Overlap)*nfft);

spectnum = 1+ fix((samples-nfft)/offset); % Number of windows

% % for info is equivalent to :

% noverlap = Overlap*nfft;

% spectnum = fix((samples-noverlap)/(nfft-noverlap)); % Number of windows

% main loop

fft_spectrum = 0;

for i=1:spectnum

start = (i-1)*offset;

sw = signal((1+start):(start+nfft),:).*(window*ones(1,channels));

fft_spectrum = fft_spectrum + (abs(fft(sw))*4/nfft); % X=fft(x.*hanning(N))*4/N; % hanning only

end

fft_spectrum = fft_spectrum/spectnum; % to do linear averaging scaling

% one sidded fft spectrum % Select first half

if rem(nfft,2) % nfft odd

select = (1:(nfft+1)/2)';

else

select = (1:nfft/2+1)';

end

fft_spectrum = fft_spectrum(select,:);

freq_vector = (select - 1)*Fs/nfft;

end

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Mathieu NOE 2024-5-27

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

hello again

all needed functions are already provided in the bottom section of the code I posted above , otherwise the code would not run on this web page

if you are running an older matlab release (I have R2020) you can also save them apart individually as function files (and remove the corresponding lines from the main code)

see lines

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function pondA_dB = pondA_function(f)
	% dB (A) weighting curve
	n = ((12200^2*f.^4)./((f.^2+20.6^2).*(f.^2+12200^2).*sqrt(f.^2+107.7^2).*sqrt(f.^2+737.9^2)));
	r = ((12200^2*1000.^4)./((1000.^2+20.6^2).*(1000.^2+12200^2).*sqrt(1000.^2+107.7^2).*sqrt(1000.^2+737.9^2))) * ones(size(f));
	pondA = n./r;
	pondA_dB = 20*log10(pondA(:));
end
function  [freq_vector,fft_spectrum] = myfft_peak(signal, Fs, nfft, Overlap)
% FFT peak spectrum of signal  (example sinus amplitude 1   = 0 dB after fft).
% Linear averaging
%   signal - input signal, 
%   Fs - Sampling frequency (Hz).
%   nfft - FFT window size
%   Overlap - buffer percentage of overlap % (between 0 and 0.95)
[samples,channels] = size(signal);
% fill signal with zeros if its length is lower than nfft
if samples<nfft
    s_tmp = zeros(nfft,channels);
    s_tmp((1:samples),:) = signal;
    signal = s_tmp;
    samples = nfft;
end
% window : hanning
window = hanning(nfft);
window = window(:);
%    compute fft with overlap 
 offset = fix((1-Overlap)*nfft);
 spectnum = 1+ fix((samples-nfft)/offset); % Number of windows
%     % for info is equivalent to : 
%     noverlap = Overlap*nfft;
%     spectnum = fix((samples-noverlap)/(nfft-noverlap));	% Number of windows
    % main loop
    fft_spectrum = 0;
    for i=1:spectnum
        start = (i-1)*offset;
        sw = signal((1+start):(start+nfft),:).*(window*ones(1,channels));
        fft_spectrum = fft_spectrum + (abs(fft(sw))*4/nfft);     % X=fft(x.*hanning(N))*4/N; % hanning only 
    end
    fft_spectrum = fft_spectrum/spectnum; % to do linear averaging scaling
% one sidded fft spectrum  % Select first half 
    if rem(nfft,2)    % nfft odd
        select = (1:(nfft+1)/2)';
    else
        select = (1:nfft/2+1)';
    end
fft_spectrum = fft_spectrum(select,:);
freq_vector = (select - 1)*Fs/nfft;
end

Mathieu NOE 2024-5-27

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

if you want to try with the functions saved separately, I have done it for you : simply download the attached 2 functions in your directory or path

the main code is simply what I have already posted above minus the two bottom sections :

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% load signal
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
filename = ('backup_5.xlsx'); 
T = readtable(filename);
time = T.Time;
[h,m,s] = hms(time); % extract hour,minutes,seconds from datetime or duration
s = s +60*m+3600*h; % convert all into seconds 
time = s;
signal = T.Voltage_0_Filtered_;
dt = mean(diff(time));
Fs = 1/dt; % sampling rate 
[samples,channels] = size(signal);
% optionnal detrend
signal = detrend(signal);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% FFT parameters
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
NFFT = 256*4;    % 
OVERLAP = 0.95;  % must be between 0 and 0.95
% spectrogram dB scale
spectrogram_dB_scale = 100;  % dB range scale (means , the lowest displayed level is XX dB below the max level)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% options 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% if you are dealing with acoustics, you may wish to have A weighted
% spectrums 
% option_w = 0 : linear spectrum (no weighting dB (L) )
% option_w = 1 : A weighted spectrum (dB (A) )
option_w = 0;
%% decimate (if needed)
% NB : decim = 1 will do nothing (output = input)
decim = 4;
if decim>1
    Fs = Fs/decim;
    for ck = 1:channels
    newsignal(:,ck) = decimate(signal(:,ck),decim);
    end
   signal = newsignal;
end
samples = length(signal);
time = (0:samples-1)'*1/Fs;
%%%%%% legend structure %%%%%%%%
for ck = 1:channels
    leg_str{ck} = ['Channel ' num2str(ck) ];
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% display 1 : time domain plot
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
figure(1),plot(time,signal);grid on
title(['Time plot  / Fs = ' num2str(Fs) ' Hz ']);
xlabel('Time (s)');ylabel('Amplitude');
legend(leg_str);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% display 2 : averaged FFT spectrum
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
[freq, sensor_spectrum] = myfft_peak(signal,Fs,NFFT,OVERLAP);
% convert to dB scale (ref = 1)
sensor_spectrum_dB = 20*log10(sensor_spectrum);
% apply A weigthing if needed
if option_w == 1
    pondA_dB = pondA_function(freq);
    sensor_spectrum_dB = sensor_spectrum_dB+pondA_dB;
    my_ylabel = ('Amplitude (dB (A))');
else
    my_ylabel = ('Amplitude (dB (L))');
end
figure(2),plot(freq,sensor_spectrum_dB);grid on
df = freq(2)-freq(1); % frequency resolution 
title(['Averaged FFT Spectrum  / Fs = ' num2str(Fs) ' Hz / Delta f = ' num2str(df,3) ' Hz ']);
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');ylabel(my_ylabel);
legend(leg_str);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% display 3 : time / frequency analysis : spectrogram demo
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
for ck = 1:channels
    [sg,fsg,tsg] = specgram(signal(:,ck),NFFT,Fs,hanning(NFFT),floor(NFFT*OVERLAP));  
    % FFT normalisation and conversion amplitude from linear to dB (peak)
    sg_dBpeak = 20*log10(abs(sg))+20*log10(2/length(fsg));     % NB : X=fft(x.*hanning(N))*4/N; % hanning only
    % apply A weigthing if needed
    if option_w == 1
        pondA_dB = pondA_function(fsg);
        sg_dBpeak = sg_dBpeak+(pondA_dB*ones(1,size(sg_dBpeak,2)));
        my_title = ('Spectrogram (dB (A))');
    else
        my_title = ('Spectrogram (dB (L))');
    end
    % saturation of the dB range : 
    % saturation_dB = 60;  % dB range scale (means , the lowest displayed level is XX dB below the max level)
    min_disp_dB = round(max(max(sg_dBpeak))) - spectrogram_dB_scale;
    sg_dBpeak(sg_dBpeak<min_disp_dB) = min_disp_dB;
    % plots spectrogram
    figure(2+ck);
    ind = (fsg>0);
    imagesc(tsg,fsg(ind),sg_dBpeak(ind,:));colormap('jet');
    axis('xy');colorbar('vert');grid on
    df = fsg(2)-fsg(1); % freq resolution 
    title([my_title ' / Fs = ' num2str(Fs) ' Hz / Delta f = ' num2str(df,3) ' Hz / Channel : ' num2str(ck)]);
    xlabel('Time (s)');ylabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    set(gca,'Yscale','log');
end