There are many things that could be going on here, for example, antivirus.
That issue seems similar to these questions:
https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1979354-fatal-startup-error-after-update-2-of-r2023a
If none of those options work, I suggest you follow the steps given by Vinayak in this question:
Then if it persists, contact MathWorks Technical Support.