Discrepancy in Peak Temperature Between Simulation and Experiment in 4s3p NCA Battery Pack

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Soroush
Soroush 2025-4-8
回答： Xiangchun 2025-6-2
Hi everyone,
I’m currently working on the simulation of a 4s3p battery pack using Molicel INR-21700-P45B cells (NCA chemistry). The pack undergoes full charge and discharge cycles (from 3.0 V to 4.2 V per cell) under natural convection conditions, for 10 cycles at both 1C and 1.5C rates.
The charge protocol includes CCCV charging, followed by a 30-minute rest, then CC discharging, and another 30-minute rest. In the simulation, the peak temperature during discharging is higher than during charging. However, in our experimental results, the opposite is observed—the peak temperature is higher during charging.
For the simulation, we used the OCV curve of a single cell multiplied by 4 for the 4s configuration.
Has anyone encountered a similar issue or could provide insights into why the simulated thermal behavior might differ from experimental results?

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回答（1 个）

Xiangchun
Xiangchun 2025-6-2
Hi Soroush,
The temperature evolution for the battery cells depend on two things: how fast heat is generated and how fast heat is dissipated.
For heat generation, we need to properly parameterize both irreversible (ohmic) heat and reversible (entropic) heat. For the irreversible heat, it is key to parameterize the equivalent circuit model (ECM) RC parameters properly. Please see an example here: Characterize Battery Block Parameters in CAGE - MATLAB & Simulink. For the reversible heat, the entropic coefficient can be measured use a method described here: Parameterize Entropic Coefficient with Measurement Protocol and Data Analysis - MATLAB & Simulink.
Regarding how fast heat is dissipated, we need to put together a network of convective, conductive heat transfer blocks to adequately describe the heat transfer network. Sometimes, it might also be necessary to parameterize certain thermal elements that are not straightforward to calculate directly using paramter estimation techniques.
Best wishes,
Xiangchun

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