You can draw all of the solid or dashed segments at once by providing appropriate coordinates. Place NaN between the pairs:
x = [x1 x1 NaN x2 x2 NaN x3 x3];
y = [y1 y2 NaN y2 y3 NaN y3 y4];
plot(x, y, '-'); %no marker!
hold on
x = [0 x1 Nan x1 x2 Nan x2 x3];
y = [y1 y1 NaN y2 y2 Nan y3 y3];
plot(x, y, '--'); %no marker
and then draw all of the markers of each type
x = [0 x1 x2 x3];
y = [y1 y2 y3 y4];
plot(x, y, 'o'); %no line
x = [x1 x2 x3];
y = [y1 y2 y3];
plot(x, y, 'o', 'MakerFaceColor', 'k'); %no line, fill the marker
To create the axes as lines with arrows, create annotation arrows; see http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/annotationarrow-properties.html
