Which image processing technique I should use ?

There is 1 good pcb board with components etc. resistor, ic chip , capacitor will be soldered. And 1 bad pcb with missing component. What approach or algorithm should I use ? To detect the missing component ? Pattern matching ? I am using raspberry pi with raspberry pi camera with matlab.

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image registration and then image subtraction.

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Be sure to cast to double to avoid clipping (if they are integer images after registration):
diffImage = abs(double(registeredImage1) - double(registeredImage2));
% Threshold to find substantial differences, not noise
diffImage = diffImage > 5; % Or whatever value works.
imshow(diffImage, []);
See help on imregister().
And remember to take into account potential differences in light levels or shadowing.

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any codes which you can recommend me to reference on? as i m new to matlab especially on image processing toolbox.

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How consistent are the images? Is it possible that they are different rotations? If so then are the rotations only multiples of 90 degrees or could they be arbitrary? Is the lighting the same for each image? Is the distance between the camera and the board the same for each image so the occupied portion of the image is always the same size?
not much of rotation. likelihood will be fixed in place. Lighting will be using 9V LED light with 9v battery. the distance of the capture image will be the same as there will be a structure for the camera.

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