Get positive eigenvalues of density matrix

6 次查看（过去 30 天）
RM
RM 2017-3-13
评论： RM 2017-3-15
I would like to compute the eigenvector of the normalised Laplacian of a graph, which I think has properties of density matrix, that is trace = 1 and eigenvalues between 0 and 1. However when I compute the eigenvalues some are negative. Is there a problem with my code?
My initial adjacency matrix is:
A1 =
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
My code then is:
[n,n] = size(A1);
D = zeros(n,1);
D(:,1) = sum(A1);
Norm1 = sum(D(:, 1));
L1 = (D(:, 1) - A1)/Norm1;
[V,D] = eig(L1)
The resulting eigenvalues are:
-0.1250
0.0417
0.0417
0.0417
0.0417
0.0417
0.0417
0.8750
The first one is negative, but since L1 is a density matrix I think there is a problem with my code.
  6 个评论
显示 4更早的评论
David Goodmanson
David Goodmanson 2017-3-15
Hi RM, I believe the problem is that the initial vector D is correct, but when it comes to defining the Laplacian matrix, D is supposed to be not a vector but a diagonal matrix with the elements of D on the diagonal, zero everywhere else. The diag command can create the one from the other. Defining L1 as
D = sum(A1); % sum down columns of A1 to make a row vector
Dmat = diag(D); % diagonal matrix
L1 = Dmat - A1;
does give a matrix whose eigenvalues are all positive or zero. Normalization is another question, since the Wikipedia definition, anyway, appears to differ from what you have.
Incidentally, the expression
D(:, 1) - A1
subtracts a matrix from a column vector. Before Matlab 2016b this would have given an error message. Now, because of the explicit expansion feature it does not (as long as the number of rows of D matches up with the number of rows in A1). It's a good feature but can lead to a whole new territory of unintended behavior.
RM
RM 2017-3-15
Perfect! Thank you very much. This solves my problem.

请先登录，再进行评论。

请先登录，再回答此问题。

回答（1 个）

John D'Errico
John D'Errico 2017-3-13
编辑：John D'Errico 2017-3-13
You cannot compute eigenvalues for a matrix subject to a constraint. I'm sorry, but that simply does not make mathematical sense.
In fact, even if I replace the elements of your matrix with 1/12, the eigenvalues still have one negative eigenvalue.
So lets see if it is just a precision thing? I've turned your matrix into a symbolic one, assuming that you really intended 1/12 when you show 0.0833.
Ms =
[ 1/8, 1/12, 1/12, 1/12, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8]
[ 1/12, 1/8, 1/12, 1/12, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8]
[ 1/12, 1/12, 1/8, 1/12, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8]
[ 1/12, 1/12, 1/12, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8]
[ 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/12, 1/12, 1/12]
[ 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/12, 1/8, 1/12, 1/12]
[ 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/12, 1/12, 1/8, 1/12]
[ 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/8, 1/12, 1/12, 1/12, 1/8]
eig(Ms)
ans =
-1/8
1/24
1/24
1/24
1/24
1/24
1/24
7/8
Lets see if this makes sense. I'll compute the eigenvector for that eigenvalue.
[V,D] = eig(M);
V(:,1)
ans =
0.35355
0.35355
0.35355
0.35355
-0.35355
-0.35355
-0.35355
-0.35355
M*V(:,1)
ans =
-0.044194
-0.044194
-0.044194
-0.044194
0.044194
0.044194
0.044194
0.044194
So, in fact, that negative eigenvalue makes complete sense. If I multiply your matrix by the vector V(:,1), then I get -1/8*V(:,1) back. That is what an eigenvalue/eigenvector pair means.
I would suggest you are in error when you claim that ALL of the eigenvalues of this matrix must be positive.
  2 个评论
RM
RM 2017-3-14
Thank you for your answer. I wrote the question wrong I think. I may be computing the Laplacian of the adjacency matrix wrong and therefore having negative eigenvalues.
John D'Errico
John D'Errico 2017-3-14
That could be. This matrix clearly has a negative eigenvalue.

请先登录，再进行评论。

类别

在 Help Center 和 File Exchange 中查找有关 Linear Algebra 的更多信息

标签

Community Treasure Hunt

Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!

Start Hunting!

Translated by