How to make the quiver() arrow head size fixed?

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Felipe Schuback
Felipe Schuback 2017-8-28
回答： Doug 2024-6-10
Hi all-
When I use the quiver() function to plot an arrow in my scatterplot, I noticed that the size of the arrow head is different, depending on how big the arrow itself is (its length basically).
Any ideas on how to make the arrow head size fixed independent of the arrow length? Or if it is at least possible to do?
Best.

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回答（5 个）

KSSV
KSSV 2017-8-29
编辑：Adam Danz 2023-4-7
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V.G. de Bie
V.G. de Bie 2017-11-14
Just divide MaxHeadSize by the length of the arrow, then the heads will be the same size.
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Rik
Rik 2020-2-11
There doesn't seem to be a method to make the head a fixed size, so it does indeed look like you need to call quiver for every data point. I would suggest grouping them by approximate size so you don't have that many graphics objects.

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broken_arrow
broken_arrow 2021-9-24
编辑：broken_arrow 2021-9-27
I agree quiver and quiver3 should have a built in option for constant arrow head size (@MathWorks Support Team). Dividing by the length doesn't work properly for me (doesn't really yield a constant head size). Here is a function I wrote to solve the problem for quiver3:
function out_arrowhandles =...
quiver3addarrowheads(in_quivhandle,in_arrowheadlength,in_arrowtipangle)
% Adds arrow heads with constant size to quiver3 plot.
% Arrow heads have the same inclination relative to the z plane as the vectors.
%
% Input arguments:
% in_quivhandle: Handle of quiver plot to be appended
% in_arrowheadlength: Desired arrow head length in vector length units
% in_arrowtipangle: Desired arrow head tip angle in degrees (°)
%
% Output arguments:
% out_arrowhandles: Handles to arrow head lines
X = reshape(in_quivhandle.XData,1,[]);
Y = reshape(in_quivhandle.YData,1,[]);
Z = reshape(in_quivhandle.ZData,1,[]);
U = reshape(in_quivhandle.UData,1,[]);
V = reshape(in_quivhandle.VData,1,[]);
W = reshape(in_quivhandle.WData,1,[]);
aux_Xend = X + U;
aux_Yend = Y + V;
aux_Zend = Z + W;
aux_orthvectors = cross([U;V;W],[U;V;W+1]);
aux_orthvectors = aux_orthvectors ./ vecnorm(aux_orthvectors);
if ~any(aux_orthvectors,1)
aux_orthvectors(:,~any(aux_orthvectors,1)) = [1;0;0];
end
aux_arrowtips1 = in_arrowheadlength * (-[U;V;W] ./ vecnorm([U;V;W]) -...
tand(in_arrowtipangle)*aux_orthvectors);
aux_arrowtips2 = aux_arrowtips1 +...
2*in_arrowheadlength*tand(in_arrowtipangle)*aux_orthvectors;
aux_arrowhandle1 = quiver3(in_quivhandle.Parent,aux_Xend,aux_Yend,aux_Zend,...
aux_arrowtips1(1,:),aux_arrowtips1(2,:),aux_arrowtips1(3,:),...
'LineWidth',in_quivhandle.LineWidth,'Color',in_quivhandle.Color,...
'ShowArrowHead','off','AutoScale','off');
aux_arrowhandle2 = quiver3(in_quivhandle.Parent,aux_Xend,aux_Yend,aux_Zend,...
aux_arrowtips2(1,:),aux_arrowtips2(2,:),aux_arrowtips2(3,:),...
'LineWidth',in_quivhandle.LineWidth,'Color',in_quivhandle.Color,...
'ShowArrowHead','off','AutoScale','off');
out_arrowhandles = [aux_arrowhandle1 aux_arrowhandle2];
end
Run the function directly after quiver3 (with 'AutoScale' and 'ShowArrowHead' set to 'off') or combine both into a customquiver3 function if you want an all in one solution. To adapt the function for 2D quiver, append your 2D input vectors by Z=W=0 (cross only works on 3D vectors) and discard the z coordinate (0) before plotting. If you want a different inclination of the arrow heads, modify the cross product accordingly.
Also note that the arrow heads will look "skewed" if daspect of x and y axis differs.
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broken_arrow
broken_arrow 2021-9-24
I think it may not be polished well enough for FEX (which already has more complex "arrow plotting" functions like https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/14056-arrow3). This is more of a quick "copy and paste" solution - and a reminder for Mathworks to provide a native option ;)
Rik
Rik 2021-9-24
It has documentation and a rudimentary form of input validation, I woul say that makes it more polished than a third of the submissions. You don't have to go to the same lengths as I currently do before getting on the file exchange.
But it's your call of course.

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Francesco Bernardini
编辑：Francesco Bernardini 2024-3-25
Maybe it's too naive, but when you pass U and V why don't you just divide by the norm of [U,V]?
You will be always plotting unit vectors with the right orientation, and if you need them longer for graphical purposes you just rescale everything by some constant factor.
Here a sample function that I defined to update dynamically the graphic handles of a set of points with quiver:
function updateHandles(handlePoint,Point,handleArrow,Arrow,scaling)
%This function updates the graphic handles of a point and of its applied vector
set(handlePoint, "XData", Point(1), "YData", Point(2));
if(norm(Arrow)~=0)
set(handleArrow, "XData", Point(1), "YData", Point(2),...
"UData",scaling * Arrow(1) / norm(Arrow), "VData", scaling * Arrow(2) / norm(Arrow));
else
set(handleArrow, "XData", Point(1), "YData", Point(2),...
"UData",0, "VData", 0);
end
end
Doug
Doug 2024-6-10
I ended up bypassing the quiver functionality altogether and drawing individual arrows where I wanted them. The comment by Olle Trollberg on 29 Aug 2023 from here:
https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/480333-placing-annotations-at-specific-xy-coordinates
certainly helped me figure out how to do it. Annotations coordinates are in Figure space, not Axes space, so you need to convert from one to the other. For my application determining where to place each arrow was only a few lines of code in a for loop in which I hand-calculated the gradients between points and then drew the arrow.

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