There are a few things that can cause MATLABWindow to not open correctly.
1. Missing Libraries
Under normal conditions, supported Linux distributions should have all the libraries needed in the Operating System to run MATLAB and the installer. However, for a variety of reasons, some may be missing on your computer. To ensure that you have the correct libraries installed with your supported Linux distribution, navigate into the folder the installer is in, then the "bin" folder, and then the "glnxa64" folder. In this folder, there is an application called MATLABWindow. If you launch this program with ./MATLABWindow and you are missing libraries, you will see those missing libraries appear in the error message. MATLAB and its installer ships some libraries needed by MATLABWindow. To use these, set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable using the following command in the Linux Terminal:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/MATLAB/R2023b/cefclient/sys/os/glnxa64
After setting this, run MATLABWindow again. If you still see errors about missing libraries, then use your Linux distribution's package manager to install the missing libraries (such as apt, dnf, yum, or pacman.) If you are unsure what packages include the library you are missing, use your distribution's package search to find a package that contains the library you are missing. For example, you can use Ubuntu's package search site to search for the appropriate package, and then install it with "sudo apt install <package name>". There is not a comprehensive list of every library MATLAB needs in order to function on Linux. Another approach you can take is setting up an environment variable that points to a specific library that MATLAB ships with, instead of the Operating System's. An example would be to run this command in the Linux Terminal to setup an environment variable if the library "libstdc++.so.6" is causing issues:
export LD_PRELOAD="/home/local/MATLAB/R2020b/bin/glnxa64/glibc-2.17_shim.so".
The difference between LD_PRELOAD and LD_LIBRARY_PATH is that the LD_PRELOAD points to a specific library file, while LD_LIBRARY_PATH searches a directory for various library files.
There is no exhaustive list of the libraries that MATLAB depends on from the Operating System nor which ones can be substituted with the ones that MATLAB ships with.
2. Permissions
Make sure the user running MATLAB has permissions to access and execute folders and files from MATLAB's installation directory.
3. No graphical environment
MATLABWindow is a GUI application and requires a graphical environment such as X11 or Wayland. Display forwarding is required if the computer is being remotely accessed. If you need to do a command-line only installation of MATLAB, either do a silent installation or use MATLAB Package Manager.
MATLAB Package Manager
Install MATLAB Using Silent Installation
