How to find minimal distance between elements?

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Mr M.
Mr M. 2018-3-9
评论： aciara 2021-1-29
I have a vector, and I would like to find the minimal distance between element values. Any element distance from any element in the set. Is it possible to do this without a for cycle?
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Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2018-3-10
Mr. M, you've now asked 311 questions and "Accepted" virtually none of them. Perhaps now you can "thank" the people who took their time to try to help you by Accepting their answers so that they get reputation points. That's the etiquette in this forum. Thanks in advance.

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Roger Stafford
Roger Stafford 2018-3-9
编辑：Roger Stafford 2018-3-9
Let your vector be called v. Then do this:
d = min(diff(sort(v)));
This finds the minimum distance between any two elements of v, but it does not show the points in v where that occurs. To do that requires the use of the index returned as a second output of the 'sort' function as well as an index from the 'min' function. Let us know if that is what you want.
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Guillaume
Guillaume 2018-3-9
Indeed, as long as we're talking about a vector of numbers, this is the most efficient. To get the original indices of the two closest numbers:
v = randi(1000, 1, 10) %demo data
[sorted, originalidx] = sort(v);
[mindistance, where] = min(diff(sorted));
closestindex = originalidx([where, where+1]);
fprintf('elements at index %d and %d have got the minimum distance of %d\n', closestindex, mindistance)
Jan
Jan 2018-3-9
+1. Sorting at first is the cheapest approach.

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更多回答（5 个）

Jos (10584)
Jos (10584) 2018-3-9
Without creating a possibly large intermediate N-ny-N matrix or using a possibly slow sort
V = [1 8 6 4 2 10] ;
W = nchoose2(V) % all pairs of distinct elements
D = abs(W(:,2)-W(:,1)) % distance between pairs
[minD, ix] = min(D) % minD = 1
minPair = W(ix,:) % minPair = [1 2]
nchoose2 is a fast function to get all combinations of two elements, and can be downloaded from the Matlab File Exchange: https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/20144-nchoose2-x-
Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2018-3-9
If the "vector" is actually a matrix of (x,y) locations, you can use pdist2(). Let me know if that's the case and I'll give you an example.
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Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2021-1-29
numPoints = 7;
xy1 = rand(numPoints, 2);
xy2 = rand(numPoints, 2);
distances = pdist2(xy1, xy2);
% Set 0's to inf since we don't want to find the min
% distance of a point to itself, which is 0.
distances(distances==0) = inf
% Find min distance
minDistance = min(distances(:))
% Find row and column where it occurs.
[row1, row2] = find(distances == minDistance)
% Plot all points
plot(xy1(:, 1), xy1(:, 2), 'r.', 'MarkerSize', 30); % Plot set 1.
hold on;
plot(xy2(:, 1), xy2(:, 2), 'b.', 'MarkerSize', 30); % Plot set 1.
% Plot the line
x1 = xy1(row1, 1);
y1 = xy1(row1, 2);
x2 = xy2(row2, 1);
y2 = xy2(row2, 2);
plot([x1, x2], [y1, y2], 'k-', 'LineWidth', 2);
grid on;
legend('Set 1', 'Set 2', 'Closest Pair');
caption = sprintf('Min Distance = %.4f', minDistance);
title(caption, 'fontSize', 20);
Please vote for my Answer if it helped you.

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Von Duesenberg
Von Duesenberg 2018-3-9
This will get you started:
dumVect = [1 3 5 30]';
[minVal, idxMin] = min(diff(dumVect))
If you work with more dimensions, you may want to use pdist instead of diff. And of course, I'll let you figure out how you want to handle ties.
Jan
Jan 2018-3-9
编辑：Jan 2018-3-10
n = 10;
v = rand(1, n);
dist = abs(v - v.'); % Auto-expand since R2016b
dist(1:(n+1):end) = Inf; % Mask the zeros [EDITED]
% dist = bsxfun(@minus, v, v.') .^ 2; % For older versions
[minValue, minIndex] = min(dist(:));
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Jan
Jan 2018-3-15
@Mr M.: You can simply try it.
v = rand(2,3)
v.'
It is the transpose operator. The quote without the dot before replies the conjugate complex value in addition.

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Jos (10584)
Jos (10584) 2018-3-9
编辑：Jos (10584) 2018-3-9
By definition the minimum distance is zero because v(i)==v(i) for any element i of the vector v.
But I assume you want the minimum distance between v(i) and v(j) for all pairs (i,j) where i is unequal to j, but forgot to mention that ... :p

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