What the error means is that you have a "for" loop in which you are trying to do more than 2147483647 iterations. Your R2009a 32 bit MATLAB has a limitation that it is unable to do more than 2147483647 iterations in a single "for" loop.
You can possibly break the code up so that it only does 2147483647 iterations in any one loop.
If the problem is inside an ANFIS routine, then there is a possibility that you have made a programming mistake in your call. You should also be considering whether you should be training on the principle components (PCA) of the data rather than the entire 512 columns.
