Hello,
You are on the right track, yes you can use the audioDeviceReader System object. If you look on the online documentation, you will also see some example code to acquire buffered audio from a microphone: audio device reader
Note that after the line of code:
acquiredAudio = deviceReader();
Instead of writing the data to a file, you can also do some computing. Note that the 'SamplesPerFrame' property of the audioDeviceReader object is your audio buffer size.
Another example that shows how to use this function to compute the frequency response is available here .