How do I find the biggest difference in an array?

108 次查看（过去 30 天）
AelinAG
AelinAG 2018-9-7
评论： Image Analyst 2020-5-25
If I have an array, and I have to find the biggest difference, but the smallest element HAS to be before the biggest element, what do I do?
  3 个评论
显示 1更早的评论
AelinAG
AelinAG 2018-9-7
[62 1 18] The biggest difference is here 61, but since the smallest element goes first the solution would be 17
madhan ravi
madhan ravi 2018-9-7
You mean the difference between the two elements 1 and 18 because we just ignore the max value ?

请先登录，再进行评论。

请先登录，再回答此问题。

回答（4 个）

Paolo
Paolo 2018-9-7
编辑：Paolo 2018-9-7
>> A=[62 1 0];
>> max(reshape((diff(perms(A))),1,[]))
62
>> A = [62, 10, 18, 100, 4, -300];
>> max(reshape((diff(perms(A))),1,[]))
400
Matt J
Matt J 2018-9-7
编辑：Matt J 2018-9-8
If only consecutive differences are to be considered,
A=[62 1 18];
diffs= diff(A);
result=max( diffs(diffs>=0) )
EDIT :
If they can be non-consecutive,
diffs=triu( A(:).'- A(:) );
result=max( diffs(diffs>=0) )
  5 个评论
显示 3更早的评论
Matt J
Matt J 2018-9-8
编辑：Matt J 2018-9-8
90 is correct. Not 400. Remember, allowable differences A-B are those in which B precedes A in the list.
Paolo
Paolo 2018-9-8
Ah yes that is what OP is asking for, read Image Analyst's comment and got confused

请先登录，再进行评论。

Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2018-9-7
The code below will work even if the biggest difference is not in adjacent elements, and if the values are negative.
A = [62, 10, 18, 100, 4, -300];
% The biggest difference is between element 4 and 6 and has a distance of 400.
distances = pdist2(A', A')
maxDistance = max(distances(:))
[rows, columns] = find(distances == maxDistance)
index1 = rows(1);
index2 = columns(1);
% Swap if necessary
if index1 > index2
[index1, index2] = deal(index2, index1)
end
message = sprintf('The biggest difference is between\nelement #%d (%f) and\nelement #%d (%f)\nwith a difference of %f',...
index1, A(index1), index2,A(index2), A(index1)-A(index2));
fprintf('%s\n', message);
uiwait(helpdlg(message));
You'll see
distances =
0 52 44 38 58 362
52 0 8 90 6 310
44 8 0 82 14 318
38 90 82 0 96 400
58 6 14 96 0 304
362 310 318 400 304 0
maxDistance =
400
rows =
6
4
columns =
4
6
index1 =
4
index2 =
6
The biggest difference is between
element #4 (100.000000) and
element #6 (-300.000000)
with a difference of 400.000000
It uses pdist2() in the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox to compute the difference of every element from every element (including itself).
  2 个评论
Ruben Lange
Ruben Lange 2020-5-25
Thanks for the useful code. I was wondering though, if you could do the same but then to find the minimum distance between every entry and a constant. Its kind of hard to explain but here is an example:
You have a vector [2, 8, 15, 11, 31], and a constant 2. Now I want to find which two elements when substracted from eachother, are closest to this constant. In this example this would be 11-8 = 3, which is the difference that is closest to 2, but in the actual code it should also consider the difference between every entry in this array. Also, in my problem, it might come up that two entries both have the same distance, and therefore are both closest to 2. If it is possible it would be the nicest if you would get a sorted list with the best fitting elements.
I hope you understand what I mean. Thanks in advance for any help!
Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2020-5-25
This works:
targetValue = 3;
v = [2, 8, 15, 11, 31]
numElements = numel(v)
distances = pdist2(v(:), v(:))
% Subtract the target value and we'll want to look for values closest to 0.
d2 = distances - targetValue
% Now we don't want 0 which is just the distance between an element and itself.
% So tell it not to look at the diagonal.
validIndexes = ~eye(numElements)
% Find the min for non-diagonal pairs.
d2 = distances(validIndexes)
minDistance = min(d2) % Find the min
% List values where it's the target value.
[rows, columns] = find(distances == minDistance)
for k = 1 : length(rows)/2
fprintf('%d and %d have a difference of %d.\n', v(rows(k)), v(columns(k)), minDistance);
end
You'll see:
v =
2 8 15 11 31
numElements =
5
distances =
0 6 13 9 29
6 0 7 3 23
13 7 0 4 16
9 3 4 0 20
29 23 16 20 0
d2 =
-3 3 10 6 26
3 -3 4 0 20
10 4 -3 1 13
6 0 1 -3 17
26 20 13 17 -3
validIndexes =
5×5 logical array
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 0
d2 =
6
13
9
29
6
7
3
23
13
7
4
16
9
3
4
20
29
23
16
20
minDistance =
3
rows =
4
2
columns =
2
4
11 and 8 have a difference of 3.

请先登录，再进行评论。

Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2018-9-8
If you want to find the biggest difference in the upwards direction only, ignoring any differences in the downward direction (where the index of the bigger value is less than the index of the smaller value), and want to allow elements that don't need to be adjacent to each other, this code will work:
% Make vector where biggest difference in the upwards direction is between index 2 and 6.
% Note there is a bigger difference in the downward direction
% between elements 5 and 6, but we don't care about that.
A = [130, 85, 110, 100, 115, 80, 105]
plot(A, 'b*-', 'LineWidth', 2, 'MarkerSize', 14);
grid on;
xlabel('Index', 'FontSize', 20);
ylabel('Value', 'FontSize', 20);
[rows, columns] = size(A)
for row = 1 : length(A)
for col = 1 : length(A)
distances(row, col) = A(row) - A(col);
end
end
distances % Print to command window.
% Consider only positive differences
distances = tril(distances)
maxDistance = max(distances(:))
[rows, columns] = find(distances == maxDistance)
index1 = rows(1);
index2 = columns(1);
% Swap if necessary
if index1 > index2
[index1, index2] = deal(index2, index1)
end
% Put a circle around the pair we found on the plot.
hold on;
plot([index1, index2], [A(index1), A(index2)], 'ro', 'MarkerSize', 20, 'LineWidth', 2);
message = sprintf('The biggest difference is between\nelement #%d (%.1f) and\nelement #%d (%.1f)\nwith a difference of %.1f',...
index1, A(index1), index2,A(index2), A(index2)-A(index1));
fprintf('%s\n', message);
uiwait(helpdlg(message));
Note how it finds elements 2 and 5 with a difference of 30 even though elements 5 and 6 have a difference of 35, but the bigger value occurs at index 5, which comes before the index of the smaller value at index 6, so I ignore that pair.

类别

在 Help Center 和 File Exchange 中查找有关 Particle & Nuclear Physics 的更多信息

标签

Community Treasure Hunt

Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!

Start Hunting!

Translated by