Write a function called blur that blurs the input image

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Namarta Kapil
Namarta Kapil 2019-7-19
回答： 昱安 朱 2023-3-18
Write a function called blur that blurs the input image. The function is to be called like this:
output = blur(img,w);
where img, the input image is a two-dimensional matrix of grayscale pixel values between 0 and 255. Blurring is to be carried out by averaging the pixel values in the vicinity of every pixel. Specifically, the output pixel value is the mean of the pixels in a square submatrix of size 2w+1 where the given pixel sits in the center. For example, if w is 1, then we use a 3x3 matrix, that is, we average all the neighboring pixels of the given pixel and itself. Only use valid pixels when portions of the blurring matrix fall outside the image. For example, the blurred value corresponding to w = 1 at index (1,1) would be the mean of of elements (1,1), (1, 2), (2,1) and (2, 2). Both input img and output output are of type uint8.
You can download the test image here
Opens in new tab
to use in MATLAB.
I am using the following code but it gives me an error. Can anyone please tell me where I am going wrong?
function output = blur(img,w)
B=double(img);
[m,n] = size(B);
k=2*w+1;
for i = 1:m
for j = 1:n
p=i-fix(k/2);
q=i+fix(k/2);
r=j-fix(k/2);
s=j+fix(k/2);
if p<1
p=1;
end
if q>m
q=m;
end
if r<1
r=1;
end
if s>n
s=n;
end
A=B([p:q],[r:s]);
B(i,j)=mean(A(:));
end
end
output=uint8(B);
end
  10 个评论
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Sourabh Bhange
Sourabh Bhange 2021-2-11
This code is working for me to blur my image.
How I modify this code, to blur 16 pixels in each non-overlapping 4×4 block of any input image with their average intensity value?
Muhammad
Muhammad 2022-8-4
I'm not understanding this program. Can anyone please explain what's going on?

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采纳的回答

Aditya Sawant
Aditya Sawant 2019-7-22
Your program is correct. But you are overlapping resultant matrix with input matrix which is creating proble.
For e.g. you have calculated avg pixel for w=1 and for location(1,1) which will store at same matrix at location(1,1). But for (1,2) while avg surrounding cells it will consider (1,1) location of matrix B where on location(1,1) you saved your result/output value not input value.
So just create new output matrix like mentioned below. Hope it will help you.
function output = blur(img,w)
B=double(img);
[m,n] = size(B);
k=2*w+1;
for i = 1:m
for j = 1:n
p=i-fix(k/2);
q=i+fix(k/2);
r=j-fix(k/2);
s=j+fix(k/2);
if p<1
p=1;
end
if q>m
q=m;
end
if r<1
r=1;
end
if s>n
s=n;
end
A=B([p:q],[r:s]);
C(i,j)=mean(A(:));
end
end
output=uint8(C);
end
  11 个评论
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Conor Simpson
Conor Simpson 2022-3-21
Hi Aditya Sawant,
I used this function in an upcoming publication and am wondering how I could go about giving you credit through referencing this?
Thanks,
Conor

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更多回答（13 个）

Vishal Lodha
Vishal Lodha 2020-5-8
function out = blur(img,w)
% convert to double for doing calculations
imgD = double(img);
[row, col] = size(img);
out = zeros(row, col);
for ii = 1:row
for jj = 1:col
% Get the indices for a submatrix
r1 = ii-w;
r2 = ii+w;
c1 = jj-w;
c2 = jj+w;
% Test that indices are valid
% If not, set to min/max that is valid
if r1 < 1
r1 = 1;
end
if r2 > row
r2 = row;
end
if c1 < 1
c1 = 1;
end
if c2 > col
c2 = col;
end
% Get the submatrix and assign the mean to the output pixel
m = imgD(r1:r2, c1:c2);
out(ii,jj) = mean(m(:));
end
end
% convert back to uint8
out = uint8(out);
end
try this up
  2 个评论
Durgesh Singh
Durgesh Singh 2020-5-9
  1. Can you explain me the question once for all. Please .Thanks for the effort in advance.
Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2020-5-9
Do this for each distinct pixel in an image:
Think about a box that is 2*w+1 by 2*w+1 that is centered around the current pixel; for example if w is 2 then that would be a 5 x 5 box with two "before" and two "after" the current pixel, left/right and up/down. Take the average (mean) of those (2*w+1)^2 pixels, and that is the output for the current pixel.
In the case where the pixel is close to an edge, only count the pixels that are inside the box. For example when the current pixel is the location marked with * and w is 2, then include only the pixels marked with Y and * in the average, and not the ones marked with N.
Y*YYNNN
YYYYNNN
YYYYNNN
NNNNNNN

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Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2019-7-21
A=B([p:q],[r:s]);
B(i,j)=mean(A(:));
You are overwriting B as you go. You should be storing into a different array than you are using as the source to calculate the values,
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Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2019-7-21
Consider the difference between,
"You have a line of holes. Visit each one starting from the second and dig it one foot deeper than the one to its left"
compared to
"You have a line of holes. Visit each one starting from the second and dig it one foot deeper than the depth that the one to its left started out as"
Specifically, the output pixel value is the mean of the pixels in a square submatrix of size 2w+1 where the given pixel sits in the center.
"square submatrix" is referring to the square submatrix of the input pixels, not a square submatrix that includes already-blurred pixels.

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Arafat Roney
Arafat Roney 2020-5-10
编辑：Arafat Roney 2020-5-10
help me finding out the error....this shows "The server timed out while running and assessing your solution.''
function output=blur(img,w)
s=(2*w)+1; %SUB-MATRIX MATRIX DIMENSION
img=double(img); %CONVERTED TO DOUBLE FOR CALCULATIONS
[p,q]=size(img); %SIZE CALCULATED
m=[]; %INITIALIZED TO EMPTY MATRIX FOR OUTPUT MATRIX CALCULATION
for ii=1:p %OUTPUT MATRIX ROR CONTROL
row=[]; %CALCULATES EVERY ROW OF THE OUTPUT
for jj=1:q %OUTPUT MATRIX COLUMN CONTROL
sub=[]; %SUB-MATRIX WHICH IS USED TO CALCULATE MEAN
for i=1:s
sub1=[]; %ALL THE ELEMENTS OF THE ROW ARE STORED IN EVERY STEP
for j=1:s
y=ii-w+i-1;
z=jj-w+j-1;
if (y<1||y>p||z<1||z>q) %IF INDEX IS NOT VALID THEN WE TAKE EMPTY MATRIX
a=[];
else
a=img(y,z); %IF INDEX IS VALID THEN WE TAKE VALUES FROM THE 'img' MATRIX
end
sub1=[sub1 a]; %ROW OF THE SUB-MATRIX
end
sub=[sub sub1]; %SUB-MATRIX
end
b=mean(sub); %MEAN CALCULATED
row=[row b]; %ROW CALCULATED FROM ALL THE LOOPS
end
m=[m; row]; %FINAL MATRIX
end
output=uint8(m); %FINAL MATRIX CONVERTED TO 'uint8'
end
  1 个评论
Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2020-5-10
It is not efficient to grow an array in place.
You should pre-allocate sub1 as the maximum possible size, 1 x s, and keep track of how many items are actually used, like
sub1 = zeros(1,s);
sub1c = 0;
for j = 1 : s
y=ii-w+i-1;
z=jj-w+j-1;
if y >= 1 && y <= p && z >= 1 && z <= q
sub1c = sub1c + 1;
sub1(sub1c) = img(y,z);
end
end
sub1 = sub1(1:subs1c);
You can extend this to deal with all of the information you would put into sub, using only one array of length s*s, without having to extend anything in place.
But after that I would point out that you do not need to store all of those values: you can just keep a running total of them as you go, along with a counter of how many you have, and then afterwards the mean is just the running total divided by the counter.

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Prashant Dubey
Prashant Dubey 2020-5-10
function out = blur(img,w)
% convert to double for doing calculations
imgD = double(img);
[row, col] = size(img);
out = zeros(row, col);
for ii = 1:row
for jj = 1:col
% Get the indices for a submatrix
r1 = ii-w;
r2 = ii+w;
c1 = jj-w;
c2 = jj+w;
% Test that indices are valid
% If not, set to min/max that is valid
if r1 < 1
r1 = 1;
end
if r2 > row
r2 = row;
end
if c1 < 1
c1 = 1;
end
if c2 > col
c2 = col;
end
% Get the submatrix and assign the mean to the output pixel
m = imgD(r1:r2, c1:c2);
out(ii,jj) = mean(m(:));
end
end
% convert back to uint8
out = uint8(out);
end
  9 个评论
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Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2020-6-10
1) why we cant obtain the image using double but only after converting it to uint8?
MATLAB looks at the datatype of the image to determine which range of values are expected for the image.
If the datatype is uint8 then MATLAB will expect that 0 is lowest intensity and that 255 is full intensity and everything else is to be scaled between those two. There are no other numbers outside this range that are possible for uint8 datatype, so it does not need any rules about what it should do for data outside the range 0 to 255.
If the datatype is single or double, then MATLAB will expect that 0 is lowest intensity and that 1 is full intensity and that everything else in the range 0 to 1 is to be scaled between those two. Numbers that are less than 0 are, by default, treated as 0, and numbers greater than 1 are, by default, treated as 1.
Now, if you start with a uint8 value that was, for example, 243, and if it got blurred to (say) 240.19, then it is outside the range 0 to 1, so if you try to image() or imshow() the double values, nearly all of the image will be treated as maximum intensity, and you will end up with the image being nearly all black (the 0's) and white (everything that blurred to become 1 or higher in double precision.) That will not be useful.
When you convert the blurred values such as 240.19 to uint8, getting 240 uint8, then the datatype would be uint8 and we would be back to the rule about 0 is minimum, 255 is maximum, and 240 would be 0.9412 (240/255) of maximum intensity.
It is possible to get the display the double precision values that are in the range 0 to 255 (double precision) in a meaningful way:
imshow(TheArray, [0 255])
May I also ask, why is the second line (B=double(img)) required?
That appears to refer to Namarta Kapil's code, not to the code written by Prashant Dubey that you are replying to.
Suppose you have uint8([1 2 3 4]) and you ask for the mean. If you take (uint8(1)+uint8(2)+uint8(3)+uint8(4))/4 then that would be uint8(10)/4 . When you do division with a uint8 value, the result is as-if you did double() of the numerator and denominator, did the division, and did uint8() of the result -- so the result of uint8(10)/4 would be the same as uint8(double(uint8(10))/double(4)) which would be uint8(2.5) and uint8() rounds values in converting to integer so the result would be uint8(3) .
Now suppose you have uint8([1 2 3 4]) and you double() first, calculate the mean, and uint8() afterwards. Then that would be mean() of double([1 2 3 4]) which would be double(10)/double(4) which would be 2.5, and then after you would uint8(), getting the same uint8(3) discussed above.
But... it turns out that mean(uint8([1 2 3 4])) does not do uint8((uint8(1)+uint8(2)+uint8(3)+uint8(4))/4) -- it turns out that mean() does double() first and does not convert back to uint8. So the result of the mean(uint8([1 2 3 4])) would be 2.5. Which would get you the same uint8(3) if you uint8() the result afterwards.
What is the difference between these cases? Well, consider taking the mean of uint8([128 128 128 128]). If you do it by taking uint8(128)+uint8(128)+uint8(128)+uint8(128) then you get uint8(255) because addition of uint8 "saturates" at 255. Then uint8(255)/4 would be 64.. hardly what you would expect!
But as discussed, that is not what mean() does. mean() would take sum(double(uint8([128 128 128 128])))/4 which would get you double(128) as expected.
If mean() will get you the result you expect, then why bother to manually do the double() of the image values? The answer is that you do not need to for these particular operations, but when you do the conversion yourself, it becomes more obvious to the reader that you have taken into account the properties of integer images and are taking care to get right values. If you left the values as uint8 and relied upon the fact that mean() of uint8 will automatically convert to double, then the reader might think that you "got lucky" and might spend a bunch of time studying the rest of your code in case there are places you did not get as lucky.
For example, suppose you did not convert to uint8 and your code included img - mean(img(:)) . Then the mean() is calculated in double() and so the right hand side of the subtraction is double, but the left side would still be uint8 . The uint8() would be temporarily converted to double, the subtraction would be done, the values would automatically be converted to uint8 again... and the fact that uint8() of a negative number "saturates" to 0 would come into play. The effect would be like the places where img was less than mean(img(:)) would get set to 0, not to negative numbers. Whereas if you had converted to double() before hand, you would not have to worry about that until you were at the end of the entire algorithm and ready to convert back to uint8. The reader of your code who sees you convert to double knows they do not have to worry about problems like that; the reader of your code who sees you relying on the fact that mean() of uint8 values is processed as double, needs to be skeptical and examine the details of your code in case you accidentally mixed uint8 and double because you were not paying attention.
Chandan Kumar
Chandan Kumar 2021-3-18
Well, consider taking the mean of uint8([128 128 128 128]). If you do it by taking uint8(128)+uint8(128)+uint8(128)+uint8(128) then you get uint8(255) because addition of uint8 "saturates" at 255. Then uint8(255)/4 would be 64.. hardly what you would expect
didnt understand this one please some explanation please

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Akhil Thomas
Akhil Thomas 2020-5-16
function out = blur(img,w)
% convert to double for doing calculations
imgD = double(img);
[row, col] = size(img);
out = zeros(row, col);
for ii = 1:row for jj = 1:col
% Get the indices for a submatrix
r1 = ii-w;
r2 = ii+w;
c1 = jj-w;
c2 = jj+w;
% Test that indices are valid
% If not, set to min/max that is valid
if r1 < 1 r1 = 1;
end
if r2 > row
r2 = row;
end
if c1 < 1
c1 = 1;
end
if c2 > col
c2 = col;
end
% Get the submatrix and assign the mean to the output pixel
m = imgD(r1:r2, c1:c2);
out(ii,jj) = mean(m(:));
end
end
% convert back to uint8
out = uint8(out);
end
  1 个评论
Fam Kuong
Fam Kuong 2020-5-30
function output=blur(img,w)
[row,colum]=size(img);
img=double(img);
output=zeros(row,colum);
for i=1:row
sub_row_left=max(1,i-w);
sub_row_right=min(row,i+w);
for j=1:colum
sub_colum_top=max(1,j-w);
sub_colum_bottom=min(colum,j+w);
B=img(sub_row_left:sub_row_right,sub_colum_top:sub_colum_bottom);
aver=uint8(mean(B(:)));
output(i,j)=aver;
end
end
output=uint8(output);
end

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Shiladittya Debnath
Function :
function output = blur(img,w)
B=double(img);
[m,n] = size(B);
k=2*w+1;
for i = 1:m
for j = 1:n
p=i-fix(k/2);
q=i+fix(k/2);
r=j-fix(k/2);
s=j+fix(k/2);
if p<1
p=1;
end
if q>m
q=m;
end
if r<1
r=1;
end
if s>n
s=n;
end
A=B([p:q],[r:s]);
C(i,j)=mean(A(:));
end
end
output=uint8(C);
end
Shiladittya Debnath
Code to CALL YOUR FUNCTION :
img = imread('vandy.png');
output = blur(img,2);
imshow(output);
Mati Somp
Mati Somp 2020-10-7
lots of interesting codes, here is mine:
function out = blur(img,w);
D = double(img) ;
[row,col]=size(D);
out1=zeros([row,col]);
for a=1:row
for b=1:col
c=a-w;
c(c<1)=1;
d=a+w;
d(d>row)=row;
e=b-w;
e(e<1)=1;
f=b+w;
f(f>col)=col;
out1(a,b)=mean(mean(D(c:d,e:f)));
end
end
out=uint8(out1);
Abdul Quadir Khan
Abdul Quadir Khan 2020-11-6
function out = blur(img,w)
% convert to double for doing calculations
imgD = double(img);
[row, col] = size(img);
out = zeros(row, col);
for ii = 1:row
for jj = 1:col
% Get the indices for a submatrix
r1 = ii-w;
r2 = ii+w;
c1 = jj-w;
c2 = jj+w;
% Test that indices are valid
% If not, set to min/max that is valid
if r1 < 1
r1 = 1;
end
if r2 > row
r2 = row;
end
if c1 < 1
c1 = 1;
end
if c2 > col
c2 = col;
end
% Get the submatrix and assign the mean to the output pixel
m = imgD(r1:r2, c1:c2);
out(ii,jj) = mean(m(:));
end
end
% convert back to uint8
out = uint8(out);
end
Mohamed El Nageeb
Mohamed El Nageeb 2020-12-22
that's my answer,i know it's quite complicated for a simple problem but am just a beginner.it works fine for w=1, but for any other value it gives a wrong answer.So what's wrong here.
function output = blur(img,w)
[r , c]= size(img);
output=zeros(r,c);
if w== 0
output=uint8(img);
return
end
img = double(img);
for ii = 1:r
for jj= 1:c
n=1;
output(ii,jj)=img(ii,jj);
x = 1;
while (jj-x)>0 && x<=w
output(ii,jj) = output(ii,jj) + img(ii,jj-x);
n=n+1;
if (ii+x) <= r
output(ii,jj) = output(ii,jj) + img(ii+x,jj-x);
n=n+1;
end
if (ii-x) > 0
output(ii,jj) = output(ii,jj) + img(ii-x,jj-x);
n=n+1;
end
x=x+1;
end
x = 1;
while (jj+x)<=c && x<=w
output(ii,jj) = output(ii,jj) + img(ii,jj+x);
n=n+1;
if (ii+x) <= r
output(ii,jj) = output(ii,jj) + img(ii+x,jj+x);
n=n+1;
end
if (ii-x) > 0
output(ii,jj) = output(ii,jj) + img(ii-x,jj+x);
n=n+1;
end
x=x+1;
end
x=1;
while (ii-x)>0 && x<=w
output(ii,jj) =output(ii,jj) + img(ii-x,jj);
n=n+1;
x=x+1;
end
x=1;
while (ii+x)<=r && x<=w
output(ii,jj) =output(ii,jj) + img(ii+x,jj);
n=n+1;
x=x+1;
end
output(ii,jj) =(output(ii,jj)/n);
end
end
output = uint8(output);
绵辉 翁
绵辉 翁 2021-7-31
function output = blur(img,w)
copyimg = double(img);
for ii = 1:size(img,1)
for jj = 1:size(img,2)
array = zeros(2*w+1,2*w+1)-1;
for kk = -w:w
for ll = -w:w
if ii+kk<=0||ii+kk>size(img,1)||jj+ll<=0||jj+ll>size(img,2)
continue;
else
array(kk+w+1,ll+w+1) = img(ii+kk,jj+ll);
end
end
end
array = array(array~=-1);
num = mean(array);
copyimg(ii,jj) = num;
end
end
output = uint8(copyimg);
Aziz ur Rehman
Aziz ur Rehman 2023-2-12
编辑：Aziz ur Rehman 2023-2-12
I wrote this code. but its a different approach to solving the problem. The picture does blur to some extent. how will i be able to optimize the code or is this approach even applicable?
function output=blur(img,w)
img=double(img); % converting to double.
[row col]=size(img);
A=2*w+1; % creating the row and column dimensions of the submatrix
%Output zero matrix
output=zeros(row,col);
% First creating a matrix with rows equel to A, and all columns.
for i=0:A:row-A
row_mat=img(i+1:i+A,:);
for j=0:A:col-A
sub_mat=row_mat(:,j+1:j+A); %creating a submatrix by sectioning the row_mat matrix.
% finding the mean value and assigning the value to the output matrix.
mean_value=mean(mean(sub_mat));
output(i+1:i+A,j+1:j+A)=ones(A,A)*mean_value;
end
end
% output conversion.
output=uint8(output);
output=output;
Original picture is
The code that i used is
img = imread('vandy.png');
output = blur(img,2);
imshow(output);
the blurred image is
  1 个评论
DGM
DGM 2023-2-12
That's not really what I would call "blurring", though for some reason people seem to call all sorts of things "blurring".
You can shave a bit more time off:
mean_value = sum(sub_mat(:))/A^2; % faster than two calls to mean()
output(i+1:i+A,j+1:j+A) = mean_value; % no need for explicit expansion

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昱安 朱
昱安 朱 2023-3-18
function output = blur(img,w)
[row_img,col_img]=size(img);
output=zeros(row_img,col_img);
imgd=double(img); % must convert img to double first for calculate
for ii=1:row_img
for jj=1:col_img
sumi=0; %sumi:sum of all valid element
counti=0; %number of valid element
for subrow=ii-w:ii+w %calculate each number
if subrow<1
continue; %if row is not valid，go to the next
end
if subrow>row_img
continue;
end
for subcol=jj-w:jj+w %then see col
if subcol<1
continue; %if col is not valid，go to the next
end
if subcol>col_img
continue;
end
sumi=sumi+imgd(subrow,subcol); %if row and col are all valid
counti=counti+1;
end
end
output(ii,jj)=sumi/counti;
end
end
output=uint8(output);

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