Relative Gain Array(RGA) for Laplacian matrix ( which have zero eigenvalues )

Generally, RGA is calculated for non-singular matrices but in some specific cases similar idea can be expanded to singular matrices using the concept of Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse, that can be used to approximate for some properties of inverse.

MATLAB has a function to calculate Moore Pseudoinverse “pinv” but make sure to cross check the pseudo inverse, does it satisfy all RGA properties. Many times, it doesn’t satisfy one essential property of RGA – sum of rows is unity, but still worth giving a try.

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Answer 2

Namjin Park 2019-8-28

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此回答的直接链接

https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/answers/477286-relative-gain-array-rga-for-laplacian-matrix-which-have-zero-eigenvalues#answer_389364

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

Thanks for reply Gupta!

I understood your explanation,

So Laplacian matrix is alway singular, that it doesn't have inverse matrix,

So i used 'pinv' what you said,

clear all;
clc;
L = 1*[-28 11 12 0 0 0 5; 11 -14.5 1 0 0 0 2.5; 12 1 -63 13 0 12 25; 0 0 13 -24 1 0 10; 0 0 0 1 -17.5 11.5 5; 0 0 12 0 11.5 -23.5 0; 5 2.5 25 10 5 0 -47.5];
Co = diag([1 1 1 1 1 1 1]);  
Q_in = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1]';
A = Co\L;
B = diag(Co\Q_in);
C = diag([1 1 1 1 1 1 1]);
D = diag([0 0 0 0 0 0 0]);
sys_mimo = ss(A,B,C,D);
G = tf(sys_mimo)
%G_0 = evalfr(G,0);
G_0 = dcgain(G);
inv_G = pinv(G_0);
tr_G = transpose(inv_G);
% 
rga_G = G_0.*tr_G

when i calculate rga,

rga_G =
0e+13 *
0737   -1.6432    0.3501    0.5031    0.2864    0.1881    0.2418
   -0.1810    4.0352   -0.8598   -1.2354   -0.7032   -0.4619   -0.5939
0062   -0.1373    0.0293    0.0420    0.0239    0.0157    0.0202
0384   -0.8562    0.1824    0.2621    0.1492    0.0980    0.1260
0280   -0.6250    0.1332    0.1913    0.1089    0.0715    0.0920
0169   -0.3775    0.0804    0.1156    0.0658    0.0432    0.0556
0178   -0.3960    0.0844    0.1212    0.0690    0.0453    0.0583

It doesn't satisfy row sum 1, as you said, and all elements are too big,

So what i mean is, is this rga matrix is valid ??

thanks to reading,

Namjin,

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Shashank Gupta 2019-8-28

Conventionally we use Moore-Penrose psuedoinverse but as you mentioned sometimes it fails to preserve critical propertiy of RGA(which is row sum property in your case). In such scenerio you can either say the rga_G matrix which you got can act as a approximate RGA or if you want more precise matrix then there are some recent work, which has been done on the RGA for singular and rectangular metrices, you can refer to this link for more information.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.10312.pdf

I hope it helps

Namjin Park 2019-8-28