The output you want is something like below, right?
Do not use preview function. First, specify the minibatch size as you want.
patchds = randomPatchExtractionDatastore(imds1,imds2,[16 16], ...
'DataAugmentation',augmenter,'PatchesPerImage',256)
patchds.MiniBatchSize=256;
Preview a set of augmented image patches and the corresponding smoothed image patches using read function.
patchesRead=read(patchds);
inputPatch=patchesRead.InputImage;
figure;montage(inputPatch)
Likewise, display the response images.
ResponsePatch=patchesRead.ResponseImage;
figure;montage(ResponsePatch)