In order to create a 3D plot from a single 2D image, one approach can be to consider the depth of the image to be obtained by the intensity of the image. Functions like 'surf', 'mesh', 'plot3' can be used to create 3d plots.
Another approach can be to concatenate different layers of the 2D image using 'cat' function to eventually obtain a 3D image and then plot it. This is also mentioned in the following MATLAB Answer:
The below File exchange submission can also be considered to display the 3D Image:
Please refer the following MathWorks documentations to know more: