It's possible, just not easy or practical, and I wouldn't advise trying it. The connected box chart lines is not a standard style in MATLAB, and a quick search suggests it isn't one in most other language's plotting engines either.
Is the image you posted auto-generated from Statista? It looks like they may have started with a bar chart, exported it, and added the text and connecting lines in Adobe Illustrator. That's a workflow you can certainly do with MATLAB (and Adobe). I'd suggest saving the bar chart as SVG, PDF, or EPS to make it easier to work with in the graphics program.
