The types of graphics objects that can be plotted to geographic axes are limited. For wind velocity, quiver arrows would be nice but neither quiver nor quiverm are accepted by geographic axes.
These options could visualize magnitudes at specific geo coordinates but they wouldn't specify the direction of a vector (ie, wind direction).
You're probably better off using map axes which allow for greater flexibility and support a wider range of graphics objects including quiver.
% Produce base map
load korea5c
worldmap(korea5c,korea5cR)
geoshow(korea5c,korea5cR,'DisplayType','texturemap')
demcmap(korea5c)
% Show the *real* axes
% axis on
% Get axis limits
lonLim = xlim();
latLim = ylim();
% Produce (fake) wind data
[lon,lat] = meshgrid(linspace(lonLim(1),lonLim(2),10), linspace(latLim(1),latLim(2),10));
U = sin(lat);
V = cos(lon);
% Plot wind velocity
hold on
quiver(lon,lat,U,V,'k','LineWidth',2)
