When you create an anonymous function handle, all variables that are not part of the argument list (e.g., A in your case) are regarded as constants. Shared data copies of them are made at the time you create the function handle and actually stored inside the function handle itself. They retain their value and use up memory even if you change the source of the "constant" later on in your code. E.g., if you had done this:
A = v;
f = @(x) A*x; % could have done f = @(x) v*x; and got same result
A = 2*v;
the last line has no effect on the function handle f. Note that if A happens to be a very large variable, its memory effectively gets "locked up" inside f and can only be cleared by clearing (or re-defining) f. E.g., in the above code snippet, the 2nd line will put a shared data copy of A inside of f. The 3rd line will cause this shared data copy to essentially become a deep data copy (it gets unshared with A at that point).
