You first argument to plot() is numeric. When the first argument to plot() is numeric, you are using the usual plot() function (not a method of a class such as plotting a graph()). When you plot() numeric, then the other arguments to plot() must be either numeric or character vectors such as line specifications or name/value pairs. However, a, b, c, d, e are all symbolic formulas, not numeric.
You have two choices:
fplot(a, [0 10])
or
plot(ds, double(subs(a,x,ds)))
