As Sean mentioned, if the target machines have the MCR installed, you can use the MATLAB Compiler product to create standalone applications from your MATLAB code.
However, if you'd like to deploy your code to a target like Android where the MCR cannot be installed (the MCR's System Requirements are the same as MATLAB's), you will need to use the MATLAB Coder product which generates completely standalone C-code that doesn't need the MCR. However, there are certain restrictions on the MATLAB code. Once you have generated standalone C code from MATLAB, you can use something like JNI to integrate the C code into the Android platform.
