In case you haven't already done them, I found both the "Image Processing Onramp" and the more in depth "Image Processing with MATLAB" really useful to learn about it, both found at https://matlabacademy.mathworks.com/. They take you through different small projects with various approaches.
I've also found the file exchange of a user on here, Image Analyst, really useful too, e.g. he has one on how to segment objects in an image.
