Hello Jens,
I understand that you're facing MATLAB crashes when you're trying to import functions that relies on Numba library.
If MATLAB crashes when you try to use a function from a Python module, then this might be caused by a version conflict between libraries shipped by MATLAB and the ones required by the Python package you are trying to use. So first of all make sure the versions match.
The error message that you're getting generally comes due to MATLAB runtime cache corruption. In order to resolve this error you will need to remove your preferences directory:
For UNIX/Linux - Check in your home directory for a directory named .matlab and remove this and try re-launching MATLAB. This directory will get re-created at startup.
If this does not resolve the problem, some users have reported that setting the following variable may resolve the problem also:
set MALLOC_CHECK=0
I hope this helps.