Getting this error - Index exceeds the number of array elements (0). quant(keym​at(Nm*(ii-​1)+jj))=bi​tset(quant​(keymat(Nm​*(ii-1)+jj​)),1,str2d​ouble(temp​cipher(ii,​jj))); for DCT steganography

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Talha Chafekar
Talha Chafekar 2021-4-20
回答： Divija Aleti 2021-4-23
I am getting the following error for DCT steganography.
quant(keymat(Nm*(ii-1)+jj))=bitset(quant(keymat(Nm*(ii-1)+jj)),1,str2double(tempcipher(ii,jj)));
Index exceeds the number of array elements (0)
This is my complete code -
% ideal DCT with no change
% embed in lower frequency
% less huffman length
% ideal quantisation table
clear all;
close all;
% p and q are 2 prime numbers
% phi is totient of the product of p and q
% e is any number coprime to phi
% d, the modular multiplicative inverse of e (mod φ(n))
p = input('\nEnter value of p ( It should be prime number eg 31): ');
q = input('\nEnter value of q ( It should be prime number eg 19): ');
Phi=(p-1)*(q-1);
n=p*q;
x=2;e=1;
while x > 1
e=e+1;
x=gcd(Phi,e);%Search greatest common division
end
i=1;
d=0;
while i > 0
d = d+1;
x = e*d;
x = mod(x,20);
if x == 1
i = 0;
end
end
M = input('\nEnter message: ','s');
x=length(M);
c=0;
for j= 1:x
for i=0:122
if strcmp(M(j),char(i))
c(j)=i;
end
end
end
disp('ASCII Code of the entered Message:');
disp(c);
% For Encryption
cipher= power(c,e);
cipher= mod(cipher,n);
disp('cipher: ');
disp(cipher);
tempcipher=dec2bin(cipher);
% determine the size of message object to embed
Mm=size(tempcipher,1); %Height
Nm=size(tempcipher,2); %Width
% Compression
jk=8;
block_size=jk;
mask_size=jk;
I1 = imread('Eren.jpg');
imwrite(I1,'Levi.jpg');
I1=im2double(I1);
I1=I1*255;
no1=(floor(size(I1,1)/(block_size)))*block_size;
no2=(floor(size(I1,2)/block_size))*block_size;
I1=imresize(I1,[no1,no2]);
I=I1;
Red= I(:,:,1);
T = dctmtx(block_size);
dct = @(block_struct) T.* block_struct.data*T';
B1 = blockproc(I,[8,8],dct);
transformed=cat(1,B1);
%% table generation
quantization_table = [
16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61;
12 12 14 19 26 58 60 55;
14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56;
14 17 22 29 51 87 80 62;
18 22 37 56 68 109 103 77;
24 35 55 64 81 104 113 92;
49 64 78 87 103 121 120 101;
72 92 95 98 112 100 103 99
];
%quantization_table = ones(8,8);
%quantization_table(1,1) = 16;quantization_table(1,2) = 11;quantization_table(1,3) = 10;quantization_table(1,4) = 16;
%quantization_table(2,1) = 12;quantization_table(2,2) = 12;quantization_table(2,3) = 14;
%quantization_table(3,1) = 14;quantization_table(3,2) = 13;
%quantization_table(4,1) = 14;
mask=zeros(block_size,block_size);
for i=1:mask_size
mask(i,1:(mask_size-i+1))=1;
end
mask;
%% quantization
quant=int16(zeros(size(I1,1),size(I1,1),1));
recon=double(zeros(size(I1,1),size(I1,1),1));
for k=1:1
for i=1:block_size:size(I1,1)
for j=1:block_size:size(I1,2)
for ii=1:block_size
for jj=1:block_size
aa=transformed(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k);
quant(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k)=(aa);
quant(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k)=(aa/quantization_table(ii,jj));
end
end
end
end
end
keymat=find(quant>10,Mm*Nm);
for ii = 1:Mm
for jj = 1:Nm
quant(keymat(Nm*(ii-1)+jj))=bitset(quant(keymat(Nm*(ii-1)+jj)),1,str2num(tempcipher(ii,jj)));
end
end
% zigzag coding
outputas=[];
for i=1:block_size:size(I1,1)
for j=1:block_size:size(I1,2)
outputas=cat(2,outputas,zigzag(quant(i:i+7,j:j+7)));
end
end
% hufman coding
tb = tabulate(outputas);
pval = tb(:,3);
symbols=tb(:,1);
[dict,avglen] = huffmandict(symbols,(pval/100));
comp = huffmanenco(outputas,dict);
% hufman decoding
outputas = huffmandeco(comp,dict);
% inverse zigzag
tempout=[size(I1,1),size(I1,2)];
tempi=1;
tempj=1;
for i=1:64:size(outputas,2)
tempout(tempi:tempi+7,tempj:tempj+7)=izigzag(outputas(i:i+63),8,8);
tempj=tempj+8;
if tempj > size(I1,2)
tempi =tempi+8;
tempj =1;
end
end
quant=tempout;
%% dequantisation
for k=1:1
for i=1:block_size:size(I1,1)
for j=1:block_size:size(I1,2)
for ii=1:block_size
for jj=1:block_size
recon(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k)=(quant(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k)*quantization_table(ii,jj));
end
end
end
end
end
%% reconstruction
B1=(recon(:,:,1));
invdct = @(block_struct) T' * block_struct.data * T;
RE1 = blockproc(B1,[block_size block_size],invdct);
imwrite(RE1,'341.jpg');
%% decipher
re1 = blockproc(RE1,[8,8],dct);
quant1=int16(zeros(size(I1,1),size(I1,1),1));
for k=1:1
for i=1:block_size:size(I1,1)
for j=1:block_size:size(I1,2)
for ii=1:block_size
for jj=1:block_size
aa=re1(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k);
quant1(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k)=(aa);
quant1(i+ii-1,j+jj-1,k)=(aa)/quantization_table(ii,jj);
end
end
end
end
end
for ii = 1:Mm
for jj = 1:Nm
temp1cipher(ii,jj)=bitget(quant1(keymat(Nm*(ii-1)+jj)),1);
end
end
I2=cat(1,RE1);
%% error
I1 = I1/255;
I2 = I2/255;
result1=0;
for i=1:size(I1,1)
for j=1:size(I1,2)
for k=size(I1,3)
diff1=(I1(i,j,k)-I2(i,j,k));
result1=result1+diff1*diff1;
end
end
end
sizee=size(I2,1);
MSE1 = result1/sizee;
PSNR1 = 10*log10(255*255/MSE1);
PSNR1
temp1cipher=num2str(temp1cipher);
cipher = bin2dec(temp1cipher);
for j= 1:x
message(j)= crypto(cipher(j),Pk,d);
end
disp('Decrypted ASCII of Message:');
disp(message);
disp(['Decrypted Message is: ' message]);

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回答（1 个）

Divija Aleti
Divija Aleti 2021-4-23
Hi Talha,
As I do not have the images you have used, I am unable to run your code. But I can tell you the meaning of the error.
Let's say you have an array 'x' which has 3 elements. So while indexing, x(1), x(2), and x(3) are all valid because they correspond to the first, second and third elements of the array 'x' respectively. However, if your index is greater than 3, for example x(6), it gives the error - "Index exceeds the number of array elements" - because 'x' has only 3 elements and there is no 6th element for it to call.
In your case, error has occured in the line
quant(keymat(Nm*(ii-1)+jj))=bitset(quant(keymat(Nm*(ii-1)+jj)),1,str2double(tempcipher(ii,jj)));
Now here, you have many arrays like 'quant', 'keymat' and 'tempcipher'. I suggest you to check the number of elements in each of these arrays. Then check all your indexing operations and try to find which one is trying to access an element which does not exist. Since you are looping over the index variables, do check for all the values that the variables might take.
Hope this helps!
Regards,
Divija

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