Assuming you're reading this data into a table array like this sample one:
load patients
T = table(LastName, Age, Height, Weight);
head(T)
We can use logical indexing to determine who weighs over 150 pounds.
isOver150 = T.Weight > 150;
patientsOver150 = T(isOver150, :);
head(patientsOver150)
You can see that the first two rows of T are included in patientsOver150 since their weights are 176 and 163 respectively. The next row in patientsOver150 is row 10 of T since rows 3-9 all represent patients with weights under 150. In both cases I'm only showing 10 rows of the tables, which is why the display of patientsOver150 has rows that don't appear in the display of T.
Now to see by how much the patients' weights exceed 150 pounds just compute with that table variable and assign to a new table variable:
patientsOver150.weightOver150 = patientsOver150.Weight - 150;
head(patientsOver150)
