Vector in a piecewise function

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Daniel 2013-9-10

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编辑： Walter Roberson 2017-2-21

So, I've trying to learn to use vectors in a piecewise function. I've got the function working properly, (code below). When I use any single number, (pwise(5), it works right. When I use a vector, say, pwise(-5:0:50), it gives me numbers I know are not correct. -5 should be -5, I'm just not sure what MatLab is doing. Any pointers?

function[v]=pwise(t)
%Figures Piecewise Function
if t<0
      v=0
  elseif t<8
      v=10*t^2-5*t
  elseif t<16
      v=624-5*t
  elseif t<26
      v=36*t+12*(t-16)^2
  else
      v=2136*exp(-0.1*(t-26))
  end

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Image Analyst 2013-9-10

编辑：Image Analyst 2013-9-10

What happens when you follow the normal debugging process and step through your code? I bet that would explain things. http://blogs.mathworks.com/videos/2012/07/03/debugging-in-matlab/ And what do you expect to happen when you say "if [-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5] < 0"? Do you expect it to automatically somehow form a loop over all those numbers and do the if statement for each number? It doesn't.

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Answer 1

Roger Stafford 2013-9-10

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在 MATLAB Online 中打开

The "if-elseif-etc" construct you have there doesn't work the way you want for vectors. For example if you say "if t<8", for t a vector, it comes true only in case the proposition is true for all elements of t. You need something different for your problem to work with vectors.

One way is to write a for-loop that goes through the values of t one element at a time and figures out the corresponding value of v for each one using your "if elseif ..." stuff.

A vectorized method could also be done as follows, though I think you will find that the above for-loop method is easiest to do.

 v = (10*t.^2-5*t).*((t>=0)&(t<8)) + ...
     (624-5*t).*((t>=8)&(t<16)) + ...
     (36*t+12*(t-16).^2).*((t>=16)&(t<26)) + ...
     (2136*exp(-0.1*(t-26))).*(t>=26);

(Note that the t<0 case automatically gives zero for this and doesn't have to be written in specifically.)

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Roger Stafford 2013-9-11

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

You have to store the results of pwise(k) somewhere if you want to use it later such as in 'plot'. Remember though, its indices must be positive integers. If I were you I would write it like this where index k is known to be positive:

 t = -5:1:50;
 v = zeros(1,length(t));
 for k = 1:length(t)
  v(k) = pwise(t(k));
 end
 plot(t,v,'yo')

Of course if you use the vectorized version of pwise I gave you earlier, you can do the plot directly without the for-loop and its k index.

Daniel 2013-9-11

编辑：Daniel 2013-9-11

Beautiful! That's what I wanted to do, just didn't know how to say it. Thanks so much Mr. Stafford. I've learned a lot tonight. Have a good night.

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Answer 2

Image Analyst 2013-9-10

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Try using .^ instead of ^ so that you square all elements, element by element.

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Daniel 2013-9-10

I had tried that, didn't work. I think because of the reason below.

Image Analyst 2013-9-11

Well it does work - it was at least part of the solution, as Roger showed, but not the whole solution. You should really learn when to use the dot in front of the operators.

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