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shift2mask

Convert shift to mask vector for linear shift register

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Syntax

mask = shift2mask(prpoly,shift)

Description

mask = shift2mask(prpoly,shift) returns the mask that is equivalent to the shift (or offset) specified by shift for a linear feedback shift register with connections specified by the primitive polynomial prpoly.

Note

The input prpoly must be primitive to produce a meaningful output. Use the isprimitive function to check if prpoly is primitive. For more information, see primpoly or [2].

example

Examples

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Open Live Script

Convert a shift in a linear feedback shift register into an equivalent mask.

Convert a shift of 5 into the equivalent mask x3+x+1 for the linear feedback shift register with connections specified by the primitive polynomial x4+x3+1. The length of the mask is equal to the degree of the primitive polynomial, 4.

mk = shift2mask([1 1 0 0 1],5)
mk = 1×4

     1     0     1     1

Convert a shift of 7 to a mask of x4+x2 for the primitive polynomial x5+x2+1.

mk2 = shift2mask('x5+x2+1',7)
mk2 = 1×5

     1     0     1     0     0

Input Arguments

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Shift value of a linear feedback shift register, specified as an integer scalar.

Data Types: double

Primitive polynomial, specified as one of the following:

  • A character vector or string scalar of a polynomial. For more information, see Representation of Polynomials in Communications Toolbox.

  • A binary vector that lists the coefficients of the primitive polynomial in order of descending powers.

  • An integer scalar whose binary representation gives the coefficients of the primitive polynomial, where the least significant bit is the constant term.

Data Types: double | char | string

More About

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Definition of Equivalent Mask

The equivalent mask for the shift s is the remainder after dividing the polynomial xs by the primitive polynomial. The vector mask represents the remainder polynomial by listing the coefficients in order of descending powers.

Algorithms

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Shifts, Masks, and Pseudo Noise Sequence Generators

Linear feedback shift registers are part of an implementation of a pseudo noise sequence generator. Below is a schematic diagram of a pseudo noise sequence generator. All adders perform addition modulo 2.

Schematic of a pseudo noise generator

The primitive polynomial determines the state of each switch labeled gk, and the mask determines the state of each switch labeled mk. The lower half of the diagram shows the implementation of the shift, which delays the starting point of the output sequence. If the shift is zero, the m0 switch is closed while all other mk switches are open. The table below indicates how the shift affects the shift register's output.

T = 0T = 1T = 2...T = sT = s+1
Shift = 0x0 x1 x2 ...xs xs+1
Shift = s > 0xs xs+1 xs+2 ... x2s x2s+1

To generate a pseudonoise sequence in a Simulink® model, see the PN Sequence Generator block reference page.

References

[1] Lee, J. S., and L. E. Miller, CDMA Systems Engineering Handbook, Boston, Artech House, 1998.

[2] Simon, Marvin K., Jim K. Omura, et al., Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1994.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

See Also

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