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directivity

System object: phased.PartitionedArray
Namespace: phased

Directivity of partitioned array

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Syntax

D = directivity(H,FREQ,ANGLE)
D = directivity(H,FREQ,ANGLE,Name,Value)

Description

D = directivity(H,FREQ,ANGLE) returns the Directivity of a partitioned array of antenna or microphone elements, H, at frequencies specified by FREQ and in angles of direction specified by ANGLE.

The integration used when computing array directivity has a minimum sampling grid of 0.1 degrees. If an array pattern has a beamwidth smaller than this, the directivity value will be inaccurate.

D = directivity(H,FREQ,ANGLE,Name,Value) returns the directivity with additional options specified by one or more Name,Value pair arguments.

Input Arguments

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Partitioned array, specified as a phased.PartitionedArray System object.

Example: H = phased.PartitionedArray;

Frequencies for computing directivity and patterns, specified as a positive scalar or 1-by-L real-valued row vector. Frequency units are in hertz.

  • For an antenna, microphone, or sonar hydrophone or projector element, FREQ must lie within the range of values specified by the FrequencyRange or FrequencyVector property of the element. Otherwise, the element produces no response and the directivity is returned as –Inf. Most elements use the FrequencyRange property except for phased.CustomAntennaElement and phased.CustomMicrophoneElement, which use the FrequencyVector property.

  • For an array of elements, FREQ must lie within the frequency range of the elements that make up the array. Otherwise, the array produces no response and the directivity is returned as –Inf.

Example: [1e8 2e6]

Data Types: double

Angles for computing directivity, specified as a 1-by-M real-valued row vector or a 2-by-M real-valued matrix, where M is the number of angular directions. Angle units are in degrees. If ANGLE is a 2-by-M matrix, then each column specifies a direction in azimuth and elevation, [az;el]. The azimuth angle must lie between –180° and 180°. The elevation angle must lie between –90° and 90°.

If ANGLE is a 1-by-M vector, then each entry represents an azimuth angle, with the elevation angle assumed to be zero.

The azimuth angle is the angle between the x-axis and the projection of the direction vector onto the xy plane. This angle is positive when measured from the x-axis toward the y-axis. The elevation angle is the angle between the direction vector and xy plane. This angle is positive when measured towards the z-axis. See Azimuth and Elevation Angles.

Example: [45 60; 0 10]

Data Types: double

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Signal propagation speed, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'PropagationSpeed' and a positive scalar in meters per second.

Example: 'PropagationSpeed',physconst('LightSpeed')

Data Types: double

Subarray weights, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Weights' and an N-by-1 complex-valued column vector or N-by-M complex-valued matrix. The dimension N is the number of subarrays in the array. The dimension L is the number of frequencies specified by the FREQ argument.

Weights dimensionFREQ dimensionPurpose
N-by-1 complex-valued column vectorScalar or 1-by-L row vectorApplies a set of weights for the single frequency or for all L frequencies.
N-by-L complex-valued matrix1-by-L row vectorApplies each of the L columns of ‘Weights’ for the corresponding frequency in the FREQ argument.

Example: 'Weights',ones(N,M)

Data Types: double

Subarray steering angle, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'SteerAngle' and a scalar or a 2-by-1 column vector.

If 'SteerAngle' is a 2-by-1 column vector, it has the form [azimuth; elevation]. The azimuth angle must be between –180° and 180°, inclusive. The elevation angle must be between –90° and 90°, inclusive.

If 'SteerAngle' is a scalar, it specifies the azimuth angle only. In this case, the elevation angle is assumed to be 0.

This option applies only when the 'SubarraySteering' property of the System object is set to 'Phase' or 'Time'.

Example: 'SteerAngle',[20;30]

Data Types: double

Subarray element weights, specified as complex-valued NSE-by-N matrix or 1-by-N cell array. Weights are applied to the individual elements within a subarray. Subarrays can have different dimensions and sizes.

If ElementWeights is a complex-valued NSE-by-N matrix, NSE is the number of elements in the largest subarray and N is the number of subarrays. Each column of the matrix specifies the weights for the corresponding subarray. Only the first K entries in each column are applied as weights where K is the number of elements in the corresponding subarray.

If ElementWeights is a 1-by-N cell array. Each cell contains a complex-valued column vector of weights for the corresponding subarray. The column vectors have lengths equal to the number of elements in the corresponding subarray.

Dependencies

To enable this name-value pair, set the SubarraySteering property of the array to 'Custom'.

Data Types: double
Complex Number Support: Yes

Output Arguments

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Directivity, returned as an M-by-L matrix. Each row corresponds to one of the M angles specified by ANGLE. Each column corresponds to one of the L frequency values specified in FREQ. Directivity units are in dBi where dBi is defined as the gain of an element relative to an isotropic radiator.

Examples

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Open Live Script

Compute the directivity of a partitioned array formed from a single 20-element ULA with elements spaced one-quarter wavelength apart. The subarrays are then phase-steered towards 30 degrees azimuth. The directivities are computed at azimuth angles from 0 to 60 degrees.

c = physconst('LightSpeed');
fc = 3e8;
lambda = c/fc;
angsteer = [30;0];
ang = [0:10:60;0,0,0,0,0,0,0];

Create a partitioned ULA array using the SubarraySelection property.

myArray = phased.PartitionedArray('Array',...
    phased.ULA(20,lambda/4),'SubarraySelection',...
    [ones(1,10) zeros(1,10);zeros(1,10) ones(1,10)],...
    'SubarraySteering','Phase','PhaseShifterFrequency',fc);

Create the steering vector and compute the directivity.

myStv = phased.SteeringVector('SensorArray',myArray,...
    'PropagationSpeed',c);
d = directivity(myArray,fc,ang,'PropagationSpeed',c,'Weights',...
    step(myStv,fc,angsteer),'SteerAngle',angsteer)
d = 7×1

   -7.5778
   -4.7676
   -2.0211
   10.0996
    0.9714
   -3.5575
  -10.8439

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