Surprising behavior in randsample

2023 2 26
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更新时间：2023 2 26
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I recently got surprised by the behavior of randsample.
1. Generating sequences with replacement -- not surprising
When I generate sequences with replacement (after setting the same seed), the first N values generated are the same, regardless of how many values I generate:
seed = 13;
N = 12;
for ni = 1:N
rng(seed)
fprintf("randsample (with replace), %2d value(s): ",ni); fprintf('%g ', randsample(N,ni,true)'); fprintf("\n");
end
randsample (with replace), 1 value(s): 10 randsample (with replace), 2 value(s): 10 3 randsample (with replace), 3 value(s): 10 3 10 randsample (with replace), 4 value(s): 10 3 10 12 randsample (with replace), 5 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 randsample (with replace), 6 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 randsample (with replace), 7 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 randsample (with replace), 8 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 randsample (with replace), 9 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 randsample (with replace), 10 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 9 randsample (with replace), 11 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 9 1 randsample (with replace), 12 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 9 1 4
2. Generating sequences without replacement -- surprising
When I generate sequences without replacement (after setting the same seed), I expected the same behavior. And that is the behavior -- but only if the sequence is long enough. For shorter sequences, the values are not in the same order.
seed = 13;
N = 12;
for ni = 1:N
rng(seed)
fprintf("randsample (without replace), %2d value(s): ",ni); fprintf('%g ', randsample(N,ni,false)'); fprintf("\n");
end
randsample (without replace), 1 value(s): 10 randsample (without replace), 2 value(s): 3 10 randsample (without replace), 3 value(s): 10 12 3 randsample (without replace), 4 value(s): 11 2 12 6 randsample (without replace), 5 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 randsample (without replace), 6 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 9 randsample (without replace), 7 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 9 10 randsample (without replace), 8 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 9 10 8 randsample (without replace), 9 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 9 10 8 1 randsample (without replace), 10 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 9 10 8 1 3 randsample (without replace), 11 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 9 10 8 1 3 4 randsample (without replace), 12 value(s): 11 2 12 6 7 9 10 8 1 3 4 5
Notice how the first three rows don't follow the pattern. This seems odd to me, and perhaps buggy. (The behavior is consistent, and doesn't depend on the particular seed.)
I'm not sure I have a question, other than ... "Does this seem strange to anyone else?"

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Paul
Paul 2023-2-26
移动：the cyclist 2023-2-26
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1 个投票

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I don't see anything in the doc that says anything about the ordering. randsample is an .m file. The algorithm for without replacement changes when 4*k > n, consistent withthe results shown for randsample.
datasample works the same with replacement, but much differently without replacement.
datasample with replacement is the same as randsample.
seed = 13;
N = 12;
for ni = 1:N
rng(seed)
fprintf("datasample (with replace), %2d value(s): ",ni); fprintf('%g ', datasample(1:N,ni,'Replace',true)'); fprintf("\n");
end
datasample (with replace), 1 value(s): 10 datasample (with replace), 2 value(s): 10 3 datasample (with replace), 3 value(s): 10 3 10 datasample (with replace), 4 value(s): 10 3 10 12 datasample (with replace), 5 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 datasample (with replace), 6 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 datasample (with replace), 7 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 datasample (with replace), 8 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 datasample (with replace), 9 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 datasample (with replace), 10 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 9 datasample (with replace), 11 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 9 1 datasample (with replace), 12 value(s): 10 3 10 12 12 6 8 10 8 9 1 4
But datasample without replacement is ...
seed = 13;
N = 12;
for ni = 1:N
rng(seed)
fprintf("datasample (without replace), %2d value(s): ",ni); fprintf('%g ', datasample(1:N,ni,'Replace',false)'); fprintf("\n");
end
datasample (without replace), 1 value(s): 10 datasample (without replace), 2 value(s): 10 3 datasample (without replace), 3 value(s): 5 12 9 datasample (without replace), 4 value(s): 4 11 8 12 datasample (without replace), 5 value(s): 3 10 6 12 11 datasample (without replace), 6 value(s): 3 12 5 11 10 9 datasample (without replace), 7 value(s): 2 10 4 9 8 11 7 datasample (without replace), 8 value(s): 2 10 4 9 8 12 7 11 datasample (without replace), 9 value(s): 2 9 4 12 7 11 6 10 8 datasample (without replace), 10 value(s): 1 8 3 12 6 10 5 9 7 11 datasample (without replace), 11 value(s): 1 7 12 11 5 9 4 8 6 10 2 datasample (without replace), 12 value(s): 12 2 1 7 8 6 10 11 4 9 5 3

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the cyclist
the cyclist 2023-2-26
移动：Image Analyst 2023-2-26
Nice catch on the algorithmic change! That at least explains the behavior, and confirms that it is not a bug (in the software development sense).
I'm not sure I love it, though.
Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson 2023-2-26
移动：the cyclist 2023-2-26
The algorithm for without replacement changes when 4*k > n
IIRC that is the point that the Fisher-Yates Shuffle stops being used.
That is, although the FY is pretty efficient, when you are asking to generate most or all of the available locations, then at some point it becomes more efficient to use the sort(rand()) algorithm, I gather.

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