Random Sampling of Repeated Numbers in an Array

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Masato Koizumi
Masato Koizumi 2018-4-21
评论： Jan 2018-4-22
Dear MATLAB Experts,
Hello. I would like to solve this problem. I have a following column vector Q that contains numbers which some are repeating and some do not. I would like to obtain a new column QQ which consists of only the unique values contained in my original Q array. I understand that I could simply use unique(Q).
However, I would like to take one step further.
I actually would like to select randomly from a collection of repeated number. That is, suppose in the following example, I have three 7's in the first, second and third row. I would like to randomly select one 7 from these three rows. Likewise, I have three 8's which I would like to randomly select from row 4,5 and 6.
I have displayed my code. However, I am obtaining a dimensional inconsistency due to random selection of rows. I would greatly appreciate if you could provide me with an advice which I could code this problem efficiently without using excessive number of loops.
Q = [7 7 7 8 8 8 10 18 27 42 65 49 54 65 78 78 78 82 87 98 98]';
B = unique(Q);
Ncount = histc(Q, B);
i = 1;
while i < length(Q)
QQ(i) = Q(i);
if Ncount(i) > 1
[row col] = find(Q == B(i));
row_select = randsample(row,1);
QQ(i) = QQ(row_select);
end
i = i + 1;
end
Thank you.
Sincerely,
Masato
  2 个评论
Jan
Jan 2018-4-21
All 7s are equal. What is the meaning of selecting a specific one?
dpb
dpb 2018-4-21
编辑：dpb 2018-4-21

Agree with Jan if you only save the value there's no difference; appears that what your problem is that it matters which one is selected as there's something unique about position, not just magnitude. If that isn't so, then there is no difference and may as well just use the results of unique as one seven itself is as good as another; only if which seven makes a difference.

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采纳的回答

John BG
John BG 2018-4-21
编辑：John BG 2018-4-21

Hi Masato

this is John BG jgb2012@sky.com

I have done the following corrections to your code

1.- the mismatch error was cause by the i=i+1 in the while loop attempting to index +1 beyond the length of the vector.

a for loops suffices.

2.- there's no need for the variable row_select

3.- there's no need for the find producing row_select

4.- return 0, not 1, in QQ, for all those single values of Q that do not imply random selection.

Setting those to 1 may be misleading, because 1 is a possible index for a sub-selection within the partial ranges.

Q = [7 7 7 8 8 8 10 18 27 42 65 49 54 65 78 78 78 82 87 98 98];
B = unique(Q)
Ncount = histc(Q, B)
i = 1;
for i=1:1:length(B) % < length(Q)
  QQ(i) = 0 % Q(i);
  % or  QQ(i) = 1, but 1 may be index of random selection, thus potentially confusing
  if Ncount(i) > 1
%     [row col] = find(Q == B(i));
   % no need for variable row_select
    QQ(i) =  randsample(Ncount(i),1);     
  end
%   i = i + 1;
end

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thanks in advance for time and attention

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jgb2012@sky.com

additional comments:

1.- as usual, and as a compliment, Jan Simon is on the top of his game always providing extremely useful insight and solutions to all questions he contributes to,

but it my opinion for this particular answer there's no need for any additional functions like runlength.m

https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/241-runlength-m?s_tid=srchtitle

or RunLength.m

https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/41813-runlength?s_tid=srchtitle

many people do not even have a complier installed, which fills up the screen with all the checks and the suggestion to install one, or to download something from a website. Again, I find RunLength a powerful function, but in the context of generating random selection of sub-sections, there's no need for such advanced function.

.

  2 个评论
John BG
John BG 2018-4-22

ありがとう、いつでも、喜んで :)

Thanks, any time, happy to help :)

John BG

jgb2012@Sky.com

Jan
Jan 2018-4-22
  • Does this output match the question?
QQ = [2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 2]
  • There is no need for i = 1 before the loop for i=1:1:length(B).
  • A proper pre-allocation of QQ would accelerate the code.
  • The FileExchange submission RunLength contains the M-file RunLength_M, so you do not need a C-compiler.

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更多回答（3 个）

Jan
Jan 2018-4-21
编辑：Jan 2018-4-21 
B = unique(Q);
while i < length(Q)
  [row col] = find(Q == B(i));
  i = i + 1;
end

This cannot work, because B is shorter than Q, when Q is not unique. i must be <= length(B).

I do not understand the purpose of the code. All elements with the same value are identical, so it does not matter which e.g. 7 you select.

[EDITED] Another solution using FEX: RunLength:

Q = [7 7 7 8 8 8 10 18 27 42 65 49 54 65 78 78 78 82 87 98 98 7 7]';
[B, N, Index] = RunLength(Q);
Select        = floor(Index + rand(size(N)) .* N)
Value         = Q(Select)

This considers the 2 different blocks of 7s separately. But if Q is sorted, this might be efficient also.

  4 个评论
显示 2更早的评论
Jan
Jan 2018-4-21
编辑：Jan 2018-4-21

@Stephen: I've updated the speed test to include the C-Mex and Matlab version of RunLength. The default flags in RunLength_M are set to "vectorized" mode.

Stephen23
Stephen23 2018-4-21
编辑：Stephen23 2018-4-21

+1 very thorough!

Note that Jan's submission RunLength also includes the mfile RunLength_M (which does not require compilation). So you can choose between a very efficient mex file or an almost-as-efficient Mfile!

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Bruno Luong
Bruno Luong 2018-4-22
编辑：Bruno Luong 2018-4-22 
p=randperm(length(Q));
[~,I]=unique(Q(p));
RandomSelect=p(I), % Q(RandomSelect) is equal to unique(Q)
  1 个评论
Masato Koizumi
Masato Koizumi 2018-4-22
Thank you so much Bruno. I greatly appreciate your time and effort on your advice!
~Masato

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dpb
dpb 2018-4-21

On the assumption made in above comment...

>> [B,ia]=unique(Q);
>> isMult3=(NCount==3);
>> arrayfun(@(x) randperm(x,1),Ncount(isMult3))  % random index into matching groups
ans =
   1
   3
   2
>>

Now, fix up to get the index to the original location --

 >> ix3=arrayfun(@(x) randperm(x,1),Ncount(isMult))+ia(find(Ncount==3))-1
ix3 =
     1
     5
    15
>> Q(ix3)
Q =
     7
     8
    78
>>
  2 个评论
Jan
Jan 2018-4-21
I do not see the detail in the question, that only the blocks with 3 repetitions should be considered.
dpb
dpb 2018-4-21
Agreed. Just shows one way to deal with a group; left generalization to OP as "exercise for student" :).

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