What is the difference between ( ) and [ ] format in matlab? how can i change the one format to another one?

Question

PRIYANGA 2012-9-11

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此问题的直接链接

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Dear Sir/MAdam,

            [rangr]=split(rangr(x,:),gsize1);
            [rangg]=split(rangg(x,:),gsize1);
            [rangb]=split(rangb(x,:),gsize1); this is function

I want get the result format for only this ( ) format, not this [] format.. so how can i convert it.. please any one help to me.

Edit [11 Sep 2012, 12:04 BST - OK] Merged from duplicate

Dear Sir/MAdam, Please read out my following codes . I got a rang, meanran and varran values for ( ) this format. But I got the result for rang ,meansrang,varsrang values for [ ] format. THis method is correct or not..?

for i1=1:gsize:nr

    for j1=1:gsize:nc
        l=1;
        for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize-1)
            for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize-1)
               rang1(k,l)=c(x,y); 
l=l+1;    
            end   
        end 
        dr=double(rang1(k,:));
        meanran(k)=mean(dr);
        varran(k,:)=var(dr);
        k=k+1;
    end
end
###################################

[rang]=qtsplit(rang1(i1,:),gsize1);

 for x=1:1:4
 dr=double(rang(x,:));
 meansrang(x)=mean(dr(1,:)); 
 varsran(x)=var(dr(1,:));

So I got the Result in different formate and Error image also. how can i rectify that formate?

(rang2)=[rang] possible or not? how can i change the type[] to ( ). Any one pleas help to my question.

Thank you.

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Walter Roberson 2012-9-11

Thanks, but don't bother Oleg. I don't think they can retrieve deleted messages anyhow, and it was probably too new to have been backed up.

Oleg Komarov 2012-9-11

编辑：Oleg Komarov 2012-9-11

I sent an email, we'll see. I recall that in one of the updates to ANSWERS they said they don't delete posts from the DB but flag them.

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Answer 1

Andreas Goser 2012-9-11

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在 MATLAB Online 中打开

If SPLIT is a function, then () is needed. This is the syntax function(parameter1, parameter2).

[] concatenates. Simply try

[1, 2, 3]

in the command window and you will see.

From this question, I do not see a format that can be changed. () and [] are used for different purposes.

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PRIYANGA 2012-9-12

ok sir thank you, But above my coding I got the result for both [] and (). but the men image of that () result is ok. But the mean image of [] that result is too bad. So how can I change the format of [] to ().

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Answer 2

Walter Roberson 2012-9-11

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在 MATLAB Online 中打开

You cannot use () to surround output variables in MATLAB; it just isn't allowed. You need to use [] instead. [] hints at building a list.

[variable] = function_call()  %allowed
(variable) = function_call()  %not allowed

In expressions, [] is used for building matrices.

[1 2; 3 4] %builds a two by two array

In expressions, () is used for array subscripting, such as a(3), and is also used to control the order of operations, such as ((1+3)*2)

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PRIYANGA 2012-9-12

编辑：Walter Roberson 2012-9-14

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

tic;
% read the image
 im1=imread('D:\lena.jpg');
c = im2uint8(im1);
gsize=8;
nr=512;
nc=512;
% resize the image 
c=imresize(c,[nr,nr]);
%  figure(2);
% imshow(c);
nc=nr;  
R=c(:,:,1);
G=c(:,:,2);
B=c(:,:,3);
% split the image of the range size
k=1;
for i1=1:gsize:nr
      for j1=1:gsize:nc
          l=1;
          for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize-1)
              for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize-1)
                 rang1r(k,l)=R(x,y); 
                 rang1g(k,l)=G(x,y);
                 rang1b(k,l)=B(x,y);
                 l=l+1;         
              end            
          end 
          drr=double(rang1r(k,:));
          meanranr(k)=mean(drr);
          varranr(k,:)=var(drr);
          drg=double(rang1g(k,:));
          meanrang(k)=mean(drg);
          varrang(k,:)=var(drg);
          drb=double(rang1b(k,:));
          meanranb(k)=mean(drb);
          varranb(k,:)=var(drb);
          k=k+1;
      end
  end
  rang1=cat(3,rang1r,rang1g,rang1b);
meanran=cat(3,meanranr,meanrang,meanranb);
varran=cat(3,varranr,varrang,varranb);
[nrr1,ncr1]=size(rang1);
% to display the mean image
n=sqrt(nrr1);l=1;
for i1=1:1:n
      for j1=1:1:n
          meanimg1r(i1,j1)=meanranr(l);
          meanimg1g(i1,j1)=meanrang(l);
          meanimg1b(i1,j1)=meanranb(l);
          l=l+1;
      end
  end
  meanimg1=cat(3,meanimg1r,meanimg1g,meanimg1b);
meanimg = uint8(round(meanimg1-1));
% figure(3);
% imshow(meanimg);
% title('Mean Image of the training');% I got a correct mean image sir
% divide the mean image into blocks
km=1;
for i1=1:gsize:n
      for j1=1:gsize:n
          l=1;
          for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize-1)
              for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize-1)
                 mimageranr(km,l)=meanimg1r(x,y);
                 mimagerang(km,l)=meanimg1g(x,y);
                 mimageranb(km,l)=meanimg1b(x,y);
                 l=l+1;
             end
          end 
          km=km+1;
      end
  end
mimageran=cat(3,mimageranr,mimagerang,mimageranb);
gsize1=gsize/2;
km=1;
for i1=1:gsize1:n
      for j1=1:gsize1:n
          l=1;
          for x=i1:1:i1+(gsize1-1)
              for y=j1:1:j1+(gsize1-1)
                 mimageran1r(km,l)=meanimg1r(x,y);
                 mimageran1g(km,l)=meanimg1g(x,y);
                 mimageran1b(km,l)=meanimg1b(x,y);
                 l=l+1;
              end
          end
          km=km+1;
      end
  end
mimageran1=cat(3,mimageran1r,mimageran1g,mimageran1b);
llim=10;
if (gsize == 16)
      nvar = 7; nvar1 = 9;
elseif (gsize == 8)
      nvar = 11; nvar1 = 13;
elseif (gsize == 4)
      nvar = 15; nvar1 = 17;
else
      nvar = 19;
end
threshold=10;a=1;e=1;e1=1;b=1;w=1;w1=1;eno=0;
% compute the fractal code           
for i1=1:1:nrr1
      disp(i1);
      if (varran(i1) < threshold)
          % Code using mean value
          label(i1)=0;
          mgacoder(e)=[meanranr(i1)];
          mgacodeg(e)=[meanrang(i1)];
          mgacodeb(e)=[meanranb(i1)];
          e=e+1;
          mgacode=cat(3,mgacoder,mgacodeg,mgacodeb);
      else
          % code using genetic Algorithm
          label(i1)=1;
          [isomer alphr meanrr dom1r errr]=ga(rang1r(i1,:),mimageranr,nvar,20);
          [isomeg alphg meanrg dom1g errg]=ga(rang1g(i1,:),mimagerang,nvar,20);
          [isomeb alphb meanrb dom1b errb]=ga(rang1b(i1,:),mimageranb,nvar,20);
          err=(errr+errg+errb)/3;
          if (err < llim)
              label1(w)=0;
              gacoder(a,:) = [isomer alphr meanrr dom1r];
              gacodeg(a,:) = [isomeg alphg meanrg dom1g];
              gacodeb(a,:) = [isomeb alphb meanrb dom1b];
              a=a+1;
              gacode=cat(3,gacoder,gacodeg,gacodeb);
          else
              label1(w)=1;
              [rangr]=qtsplit(rang1r(i1,:),gsize1);
              [rangg]=qtsplit(rang1g(i1,:),gsize1);
              [rangb]=qtsplit(rang1b(i1,:),gsize1);
              for x=1:1:4
                  drr=double(rangr(x,:));
                   meansrangr(x)=mean(drr(1,:)); 
                  varsranr(x)=var(drr(1,:));
                  drg=double(rangg(x,:));
                  meansrangg(x)=mean(drg(1,:)); 
                  varsrang(x)=var(drg(1,:));
                  drb=double(rangb(x,:));
                  meansrangb(x)=mean(drb(1,:)); 
                  varsranb(x)=var(drb(1,:));
                  rang=cat(3,rangr,rangg,rangb);
                  meansrang=cat(3,meansrangr,meansrangg,meansrangb);
                  varsran=cat(3,varsranr,varsrang,varsranb);
                  if (varsran(x) < threshold/2)
                      lab(w1)=0;
                      mgacode1r(e1)=[meansrangr(x)];
                      mgacode1g(e1)=[meansrangg(x)];
                      mgacode1b(e1)=[meansrangb(x)];
                      e1=e1+1;
                      mgacode1=cat(3,mgacode1r,mgacode1g,mgacode1b);
                  else
                      lab(w1)=1;
                      [isomeqr alphqr meanrqr dom2qr errqr] = ga(rangr(x,:),mimageran1r,nvar1,40);
                      [isomeqg alphqg meanrqg dom2qg errqg] = ga(rangg(x,:),mimageran1g,nvar1,40);
                      [isomeqb alphqb meanrqb dom2qb errqb] = ga(rangb(x,:),mimageran1b,nvar1,40);
                      errq=(errqr+errqg+errqb)/3;
                      if (errq > llim)
                          eno=eno+1;
                      end
                      gacode1r(b,:)=[isomeqr,alphqr,meanrqr,dom2qr];
                      gacode1g(b,:)=[isomeqg,alphqg,meanrqg,dom2qg];
                      gacode1b(b,:)=[isomeqb,alphqb,meanrqb,dom2qb];
                      b=b+1;
                      gacode1=cat(3,gacode1r,gacode1g,gacode1b);
                  end
                  w1=w1+1;
              end
          end
          w=w+1;
      end     
  end
  eno
  t=toc
%decoding
% compute the mean image and display
tic
w=1;q=1;q1=1;w1=1;w2=1;p=1;p1=1;
for n=1:1:sqrt(nrr1)
      for m=1:1:sqrt(nrr1)
          if (label(w)==0)
              dmimgr(n,m)=mgacoder(p);
              dmimgg(n,m)=mgacodeg(p);
              dmimgb(n,m)=mgacodeb(p);
              p=p+1;
              dmimg=cat(3,dmimgr,dmimgg,dmimgb);
          else 
              if (label1(w1)==0)
                  dmimgr(n,m)=gacoder(q,3);
                  dmimgg(n,m)=gacodeg(q,3);
                  dmimgb(n,m)=gacodeb(q,3);
                  q=q+1;
                  dmimg=cat(3,dmimgr,dmimgg,dmimgb);
              else
                  sumvq=0;sumvqr=0;sumvqg=0;sumvqb=0;
                  for i=1:4
                      if (lab(w2)==0)
                          sumvqr=sumvqr+mgacode1r(p1);
                          sumvqg=sumvqg+mgacode1g(p1);
                          sumvqb=sumvqb+mgacode1b(p1);
                          p1=p1+1;
                          sumvq=cat(3,sumvqr,sumvqg,sumvqb);
                      else
                          sumvqr=sumvqr+gacode1r(q1,3);
                          sumvqg=sumvqg+gacode1g(q1,3);
                          sumvqb=sumvqb+gacode1b(q1,3);
                          q1=q1+1;
                          sumvq=cat(3,sumvqr,sumvqg,sumvqb);
                      end
                      w2=w2+1;
                  end
                  dmimg=sumvq/4;
              end
              w1=w1+1;   
          end
          w=w+1;   
      end    
  end   
cimage = uint8(round(dmimg - 1));
figure(4);
imshow(cimage);
title('Decoded Mean iMage); % I got this decoded mean image is not proper

Sir I got some block dots in MEan Image. How can I correct that Image sir. Please kindly help me sir.

Walter Roberson 2012-9-20

编辑：Walter Roberson 2012-9-20

在 MATLAB Online 中打开

In the syntax

[rangr]=qtsplit(rang1r(i1,:),gsize1);

you can leave out the [] and the result will be exactly the same:

rangr=qtsplit(rang1r(i1,:),gsize1);

It appears to me that your difficulty has nothing to do with () compared to [].

Code of the form

variable(index) = expression;

sets the index'th element of "variable" to contain the value of the expression.

Code of the form

[variable] = expression;

is exactly the same as

variable = expression;

and replaces "variable" entirely, so that afterwards "variable" has only the value of the expression.

There is also code of the form

[variable1, variable2] = expression;

In that case, "expression" would normally be a function call that returns multiple outputs, with the first output being assigned to "variable1" and the second assigned to "variable2". (There are also some cases where the expression might involve cell arrays or structures instead of a function call.)

I am not familiar with the algorithms involved in your code, and it appears that for me to understand and debug it would be more work than I would be willing to do as a volunteer.

PRIYANGA 2012-9-21