How to calculate normal to a line?

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Shivakumar
Shivakumar 2013-8-27
评论： ddd ppp 2018-5-4
I plot a line in MATLAB using the points. Please tell me how to obtain the normal of that line? Can I get these plots in a single plot?
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tala
tala 2016-10-3
hi i have a 2D image of echocardiography. is there any solution to compute the normal vector of this image?

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Jan
Jan 2013-8-27
It is easier to answer, if you explain any details. At first I assume you mean 2D-lines, because for 3D-lines a normal line is not defined.
If you have a vector with the coordinates [x, y], the vectors [y, -x] and [-y, x] are orthogonal. When the line is defined by the coordinates of two points A and B, create the vector B-A at first, determine the orientation by the above simple formula, decide for one of the both vectors, and the midpoint between the points (A+B) * 0.5 might be a nice point to start from. Adjusting the length of the normal vector to either 1 or e.g. the distance norm(B-A) might be nice also.
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Shivakumar
Shivakumar 2013-9-20
@Jan Simon: My question is similar to the one you answered before. For the values I gave you already(A = [-0.6779,-0.7352]; B = [0.7352,-0.6779];), you helped me in finding normal to the line at the mid-point. Now, I am trying to find normal to the same line at the origin. Please help me. Thank you.
Jan
Jan 2013-9-21
@Shivakumar: The normal of a line is a vector. Vectors can be move freely in the space, because they have a direction and a length. but no start point. Therefore the normal of the line at the midpoint is the normal at any other point also. If you want to draw the normal, it looks nice, when you start it at the midpoint of the line segment. but in a mathematical sense it is correct to start it from any other point of the X-Y-plane as well, e.g. at the origin.

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Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2013-8-27
A perpendicular line has a negative inverse slope. So if you used polyfit
coeffs = polyfit(x, y, 1);
then coeffs(1) is the slope. The new slope is -1/coeffs(1). Now you simply use the point-slope formula of a line to draw it. Obviously you need to know at least one point that that line goes through since there are an infinite number of lines at that slope (all parallel to each other of course).
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Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2013-8-29
You gave the two endpoints of the original line. Those do not have to be on the new, perpendicular line, though they could. Where do you want the perpendicular line to cross/intersect the first line? At the end? In the middle? Somewhere else?
Shivakumar
Shivakumar 2013-8-30
I want the perpendicular line to cross in the middle. Thank you.

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Shashank Prasanna
Shashank Prasanna 2013-8-28
编辑：Shashank Prasanna 2013-8-28
If this is a homework, please spend some time familiarizing yourself with basics of MATLAB. You can start by going through the Getting Started guide
There are several ways you could do this and all of the already suggested approaches are good. Here is how you can think about it in terms of linear algebra.
Answer: Normal lies in the null space of the the matrix A-B
A = [-0.6779, -0.7352]; B = [0.7352, -0.6779];
null(A-B)
Proof:
(A-B)*null(A-B) % Should yield a number close to zero
If you are looking to plot:
x = [A(1);B(1)];
y = [A(2);B(2)];
line(x,y,'color','k','LineWidth',2)
normal = [mean(x),mean(y)] + null(A-B)';
line([mean(x),normal(1)],[mean(y),normal(2)],'color','r','LineWidth',2)
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Shivakumar
Shivakumar 2013-8-29
编辑：Shivakumar 2013-8-29
This is not my homework but It is a part of my project work. I thank you for the answer you provided.
ddd ppp
ddd ppp 2018-5-4
is the null space a vector or line? does it have direction?

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