Generate Word-By-Word Text on FPGAs by Using Deep Learning HDL Toolbox
This example shows how to deploy a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to generate text word-by-word on an FPGA by using the Deep Learning HDL Toolbox™ Support Package for Xilinx FPGA and SoC. Use MATLAB® to retrieve the prediction results from the target device.
This example reads text from the Project Gutenberg website, parses the HTML code to extract the relevant text, then uses a custom mini-batch datastore, documentGenerationDatastore
to input the documents to the network as mini-batches of sequence data. The datastore converts documents to sequences of numeric word indices. The deep learning network is an LSTM network that contains a word embedding layer.
To train a deep learning network for word-by-word text generation, train a sequence-to-sequence LSTM network to predict the next word in a sequence of words. To train the network to predict the next word, specify the responses as the input sequences shifted by one time step. This example uses the pretrained network from the Word-by-Word Text Generation Using Deep Learning example.
Prerequisites
Xilinx® Zynq® Ultrascale+™ ZCU102 SoC development kit
Deep Learning HDL Toolbox™ Support Package for Xilinx FPGA and SoC
Deep Learning Toolbox™
Deep Learning HDL Toolbox™
Text Analytics Toolbox™
Load Training Data
Load the training data. Read the HTML code from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll from Project Gutenberg.
url = "https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11/11-h/11-h.htm";
code = webread(url);
Parse HTML Code
The HTML code contains the relevant text inside paragraph elements. Extract the relevant text by parsing the HTML code using htmlTree
and then finding the elements with element name "p"
.
tree = htmlTree(code);
selector = "p";
subtrees = findElement(tree,selector);
Extract the text data from the HTML subtrees by using extractHTMLText
and view the first 10 paragraphs.
textData = extractHTMLText(subtrees); textData(1:10)
ans = 10×1 string
"Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, “and what is the use of a book,” thought Alice “without pictures or conversations?”"
"So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her."
"There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so very much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, “Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!” (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge."
"In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again."
"The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well."
"Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled “ORANGE MARMALADE”, but to her great disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody underneath, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it."
"“Well!” thought Alice to herself, “after such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they’ll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn’t say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!” (Which was very likely true.)"
"Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end? “I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?” she said aloud. “I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think-” (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a very good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) “-yes, that’s about the right distance-but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?” (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)"
"Presently she began again. “I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth! How funny it’ll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think-” (she was rather glad there was no one listening, this time, as it didn’t sound at all the right word) “-but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma’am, is this New Zealand or Australia?” (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke-fancy curtseying as you’re falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) “And what an ignorant little girl she’ll think me for asking! No, it’ll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.”"
"Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. “Dinah’ll miss me very much to-night, I should think!” (Dinah was the cat.) “I hope they’ll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I’m afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that’s very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?” And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, “Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?” and sometimes, “Do bats eat cats?” for, you see, as she couldn’t answer either question, it didn’t much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, “Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?” when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over."
Remove the empty paragraphs and view the first 10 remaining paragraphs.
textData(textData == "") = [];
textData(1:10)
ans = 10×1 string
"Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, “and what is the use of a book,” thought Alice “without pictures or conversations?”"
"So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her."
"There was nothing so very remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so very much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, “Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!” (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat-pocket, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge."
"In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again."
"The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well."
"Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled “ORANGE MARMALADE”, but to her great disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody underneath, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it."
"“Well!” thought Alice to herself, “after such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they’ll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn’t say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!” (Which was very likely true.)"
"Down, down, down. Would the fall never come to an end? “I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time?” she said aloud. “I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think-” (for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a very good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) “-yes, that’s about the right distance-but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I’ve got to?” (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.)"
"Presently she began again. “I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth! How funny it’ll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think-” (she was rather glad there was no one listening, this time, as it didn’t sound at all the right word) “-but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is, you know. Please, Ma’am, is this New Zealand or Australia?” (and she tried to curtsey as she spoke-fancy curtseying as you’re falling through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) “And what an ignorant little girl she’ll think me for asking! No, it’ll never do to ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.”"
"Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began talking again. “Dinah’ll miss me very much to-night, I should think!” (Dinah was the cat.) “I hope they’ll remember her saucer of milk at tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no mice in the air, I’m afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that’s very like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?” And here Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy sort of way, “Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?” and sometimes, “Do bats eat cats?” for, you see, as she couldn’t answer either question, it didn’t much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, “Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: did you ever eat a bat?” when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over."
Visualize the text data in a word cloud.
figure
wordcloud(textData);
title("Alice's Adventures in Wonderland")
Prepare Data for Training
Create a datastore that contains the data for training by using the documentGenerationDatastore
function. For the predictors, the function converts the documents into sequences of word indices by using a word encoding. The first word index for each document corresponds to a "start of text" token. The "start of text" token is given by the string "startOfText"
. For the responses, the datastore returns categorical sequences of the words shifted by one.
Tokenize the text data by using the tokenizedDocument
function.
documents = tokenizedDocument(textData);
Create a document generation datastore using the tokenized documents.
ds = documentGenerationDatastore(documents);
To reduce the amount of padding added to the sequences, sort the documents in the datastore by sequence length.
ds = sort(ds);
Load the Pretrained Network
To load the LSTM network, enter:
if ~isfile('WordByWordTextgenerationModel.zip') url = 'https://ssd.mathworks.com/supportfiles/dlhdl/WordByWordTextGenerationModel.zip'; websave('WordByWordTextGenerationModel.zip',url); end unzip('WordByWordTextGenerationModel.zip') load WordByWordTextgenerationModel.mat
View the layers of the network by using the analyzeNetwork
function. The function returns a graphical representation of the network and detailed parameter settings of the layers in the network.
analyzeNetwork(net)
Define FPGA Board Interface
Define the target FPGA board programming interface by using the dlhdl.Target
object. Specify that the interface is for a Xilinx board with an Ethernet interface.
To create the target object, enter:
hTarget = dlhdl.Target('Xilinx','Interface','Ethernet');
To use the JTAG interface, install Xilinx™ Vivado™ Design Suite 2022.1. To set the Xilinx Vivado tool path, enter:
hdlsetuptoolpath('ToolName', 'Xilinx Vivado', 'ToolPath', 'C:\Xilinx\Vivado\2022.1\bin\vivado.bat'); hTarget = dlhdl.Target('Xilinx','Interface','JTAG');
Prepare Network for Deployment
Prepare the network for deployment by creating a dlhdl.Workflow
object. Specify the network and the bitstream name. Ensure that the bitstream name matches the data type and the FPGA board. In this example, the target FPGA board is the Xilinx ZCU102 SOC board. The bitstream uses a single data type.
hW = dlhdl.Workflow('network', net, 'Bitstream', 'zcu102_lstm_single','Target',hTarget);
Tu run the example on the Xilinx ZC706 board, enter:
hW = dlhdl.Workflow('Network', snet, 'Bitstream', 'zc706_lstm_single','Target',hTarget);
Compile the LSTM Network
Run the compile
method of the dlhdl.Workflow
object to compile the network and generate the instructions, weights, and biases for deployment.
dn = compile(hW)
### Compiling network for Deep Learning FPGA prototyping ... ### Targeting FPGA bitstream zcu102_lstm_single. ### The network includes the following layers: 1 'sequenceinput' Sequence Input Sequence input with 1 dimensions (SW Layer) 2 'word-embedding' Word Embedding Layer Word embedding layer with 100 dimensions and 2920 unique words (HW Layer) 3 'lstm' LSTM LSTM with 100 hidden units (HW Layer) 4 'fc' Fully Connected 2921 fully connected layer (HW Layer) 5 'softmax' Softmax softmax (SW Layer) 6 'classoutput' Classification Output crossentropyex with 'startOfText' and 2920 other classes (SW Layer) ### Notice: The layer 'sequenceinput' with type 'nnet.cnn.layer.ImageInputLayer' is implemented in software. ### Notice: The layer 'word-embedding' with type 'dnnfpga.layer.wordEmbeddingLayerDLP' is implemented in software. ### Notice: The layer 'softmax' with type 'nnet.cnn.layer.SoftmaxLayer' is implemented in software. ### Notice: The layer 'classoutput' with type 'nnet.cnn.layer.ClassificationOutputLayer' is implemented in software. ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wi ... ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wi ... complete. ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wo ... ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wo ... complete. ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wg ... ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wg ... complete. ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wf ... ### Compiling layer group: lstm.wf ... complete. ### Compiling layer group: fc ... ### Compiling layer group: fc ... complete. ### Allocating external memory buffers: offset_name offset_address allocated_space _______________________ ______________ ________________ "InputDataOffset" "0x00000000" "4.0 MB" "OutputResultOffset" "0x00400000" "4.0 MB" "SchedulerDataOffset" "0x00800000" "4.0 MB" "SystemBufferOffset" "0x00c00000" "20.0 MB" "InstructionDataOffset" "0x02000000" "4.0 MB" "FCWeightDataOffset" "0x02400000" "4.0 MB" "EndOffset" "0x02800000" "Total: 40.0 MB" ### Network compilation complete.
dn = struct with fields:
weights: [1×1 struct]
instructions: [1×1 struct]
registers: [1×1 struct]
syncInstructions: [1×1 struct]
constantData: {}
ddrInfo: [1×1 struct]
Program Bitstream onto FPGA and Download Network Weights
To deploy the network on the Xilinx ZCU102 SoC hardware, run the deploy
function of the dlhdl.Workflow
object. This function uses the output of the compile
function to program the FPGA board by using the programming file and downloads the network weights and biases. The deploy
function starts programming the FPGA device and displays progress messages, and the time it takes to deploy the network.
deploy(hW)
### FPGA bitstream programming has been skipped as the same bitstream is already loaded on the target FPGA. ### Resetting network state. ### Loading weights to FC Processor. ### FC Weights loaded. Current time is 09-May-2023 13:56:22
Generate New Text Using Hardware
Generate the first word of the text by sampling a word from a probability distribution according to first words of the text in the training data. Generate the remaining words by using the deployed LSTM network to predict the next time step using the current sequence of generated text. Keep generating words one-by-one until the network predicts the "end of text" word.
To make the first prediction using the network, input the index that represents the "start of text" token. Find the index by using the word2ind
function with the word encoding used by the document datastore.
enc = ds.Encoding;
wordIndex = word2ind(enc,"startOfText");
For the remaining predictions, sample the next word according to the prediction scores of the network. The prediction scores represent the probability distribution of the next word. Sample the words from the vocabulary given by the class names of the output layer of the network.
vocabulary = string(net.Layers(end).Classes);
Make predictions word by word using the predictAndUpdateState
function. For each prediction, input the index of the previous word. Stop predicting when the network predicts the end of text word or when the generated text is 200 characters long. To generate multiple pieces of text, reset the network state between generations by using the resetState
function.
generatedText = ""; maxLength = 200; resetState(hW); while strlength(generatedText) < maxLength [wordScores,~] = predictAndUpdateState(hW,wordIndex,Profile='on'); newWord = datasample(vocabulary,1,'Weights',wordScores); if newWord == "EndOfText" break end generatedText = generatedText + " " + newWord; wordIndex = word2ind(enc,newWord); end
### Resetting network state. ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163311 0.00074 1 164795 1335.0 memSeparator_0 164 0.00000 lstm.wi 8902 0.00004 lstm.wo 8801 0.00004 lstm.wg 8872 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 275 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 251 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125397 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163109 0.00074 1 164600 1336.6 memSeparator_0 171 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8872 0.00004 lstm.wg 8782 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 307 0.00000 lstm.c_add 261 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125246 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163108 0.00074 1 164574 1336.8 memSeparator_0 166 0.00000 lstm.wi 8923 0.00004 lstm.wo 8871 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8812 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 331 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125231 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163391 0.00074 1 164878 1334.3 memSeparator_0 170 0.00000 lstm.wi 8863 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8892 0.00004 lstm.wf 8962 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 217 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 301 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 261 0.00000 fc 125439 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163251 0.00074 1 164742 1335.4 memSeparator_0 172 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8812 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 9002 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 317 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 231 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125287 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 162910 0.00074 1 164391 1338.3 memSeparator_0 172 0.00000 lstm.wi 8773 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8812 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 214 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125217 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 162865 0.00074 1 164310 1338.9 memSeparator_0 167 0.00000 lstm.wi 8733 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8821 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 225 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 287 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125177 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163440 0.00074 1 164984 1333.5 memSeparator_0 174 0.00000 lstm.wi 8893 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8892 0.00004 lstm.wf 8962 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 257 0.00000 lstm.c_add 291 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 261 0.00000 fc 125454 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163350 0.00074 1 164829 1334.7 memSeparator_0 173 0.00000 lstm.wi 8943 0.00004 lstm.wo 8802 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8922 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 214 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125496 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163044 0.00074 1 164526 1337.2 memSeparator_0 173 0.00000 lstm.wi 8863 0.00004 lstm.wo 8872 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8801 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 207 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 331 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125230 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163204 0.00074 1 164680 1335.9 memSeparator_0 170 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8872 0.00004 lstm.wg 8812 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 245 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 217 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 321 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125282 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163486 0.00074 1 164962 1333.6 memSeparator_0 242 0.00000 lstm.wi 8803 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8872 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 214 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 257 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 261 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125553 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163013 0.00074 1 164486 1337.5 memSeparator_0 175 0.00000 lstm.wi 8873 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8812 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 214 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125257 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 162934 0.00074 1 164475 1337.6 memSeparator_0 169 0.00000 lstm.wi 8743 0.00004 lstm.wo 8871 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8812 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 331 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125244 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 162929 0.00074 1 164459 1337.7 memSeparator_0 165 0.00000 lstm.wi 8753 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8792 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 217 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 311 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 231 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125252 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163236 0.00074 1 164723 1335.6 memSeparator_0 176 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8832 0.00004 lstm.wf 8932 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 255 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 217 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 301 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125278 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163339 0.00074 1 164852 1334.5 memSeparator_0 165 0.00000 lstm.wi 8803 0.00004 lstm.wo 8881 0.00004 lstm.wg 8892 0.00004 lstm.wf 8952 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 234 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 217 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 291 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125464 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163040 0.00074 1 164484 1337.5 memSeparator_0 170 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8822 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125218 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163270 0.00074 1 164753 1335.3 memSeparator_0 170 0.00000 lstm.wi 8933 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8832 0.00004 lstm.wf 8971 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 207 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 281 0.00000 fc 125309 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163036 0.00074 1 164479 1337.6 memSeparator_0 166 0.00000 lstm.wi 8913 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8872 0.00004 lstm.wf 8822 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 234 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 247 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 257 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 261 0.00000 fc 125189 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163199 0.00074 1 164688 1335.9 memSeparator_0 171 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8921 0.00004 lstm.wg 8831 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125288 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163089 0.00074 1 164531 1337.1 memSeparator_0 172 0.00000 lstm.wi 8933 0.00004 lstm.wo 8892 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8822 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125225 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163213 0.00074 1 164668 1336.0 memSeparator_0 167 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8872 0.00004 lstm.wg 8822 0.00004 lstm.wf 8932 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 255 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 207 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 207 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 257 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 261 0.00000 fc 125354 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163016 0.00074 1 164485 1337.5 memSeparator_0 168 0.00000 lstm.wi 8883 0.00004 lstm.wo 8881 0.00004 lstm.wg 8892 0.00004 lstm.wf 8812 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125247 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163464 0.00074 1 164952 1333.7 memSeparator_0 176 0.00000 lstm.wi 8923 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8952 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 207 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 207 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 257 0.00000 lstm.c_add 311 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125476 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163403 0.00074 1 164885 1334.3 memSeparator_0 171 0.00000 lstm.wi 8863 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8952 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 207 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 207 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 257 0.00000 lstm.c_add 311 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125480 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163126 0.00074 1 164680 1335.9 memSeparator_0 172 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8881 0.00004 lstm.wg 8792 0.00004 lstm.wf 8941 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 207 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 317 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125254 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163158 0.00074 1 164617 1336.4 memSeparator_0 171 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8881 0.00004 lstm.wg 8832 0.00004 lstm.wf 8932 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 207 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 327 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125246 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163443 0.00074 1 164917 1334.0 memSeparator_0 166 0.00000 lstm.wi 8893 0.00004 lstm.wo 8881 0.00004 lstm.wg 8952 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 207 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 327 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125416 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163386 0.00074 1 164859 1334.5 memSeparator_0 168 0.00000 lstm.wi 8783 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 237 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 227 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 227 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 257 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 261 0.00000 fc 125566 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163527 0.00074 1 164985 1333.5 memSeparator_0 173 0.00000 lstm.wi 8923 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8942 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 237 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 217 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 267 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125562 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163252 0.00074 1 164758 1335.3 memSeparator_0 167 0.00000 lstm.wi 8903 0.00004 lstm.wo 8812 0.00004 lstm.wg 8871 0.00004 lstm.wf 9011 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 217 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 217 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 257 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 327 0.00000 lstm.c_add 261 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 251 0.00000 fc 125285 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 163375 0.00074 1 164851 1334.5 memSeparator_0 172 0.00000 lstm.wi 8753 0.00004 lstm.wo 8882 0.00004 lstm.wg 8882 0.00004 lstm.wf 8932 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 214 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_3 257 0.00000 lstm.tanh_1 237 0.00000 lstm.sigmoid_2 237 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_2 267 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_1 257 0.00000 lstm.c_add 251 0.00000 lstm.tanh_2 221 0.00000 lstm.multiplication_3 261 0.00000 fc 125552 0.00057 * The clock frequency of the DL processor is: 220MHz ### Finished writing input activations. ### Running a sequence of length 1. Deep Learning Processor Profiler Performance Results LastFrameLatency(cycles) LastFrameLatency(seconds) FramesNum Total Latency Frames/s ------------- ------------- --------- --------- --------- Network 162911 0.00074 1 164357 1338.5 memSeparator_0 162 0.00000 lstm.wi 8743 0.00004 lstm.wo 8872 0.00004 lstm.wg 8871 0.00004 lstm.wf 8811 0.00004 lstm.sigmoid_1 215 ...
The generation process introduces whitespace characters between each prediction, which means that some punctuation characters appear with unnecessary spaces before and after. Reconstruct the generated text by removing the spaces before and after the appropriate punctuation characters.
Remove the spaces that appear before the specified punctuation characters.
punctuationCharacters = ["." "," "’" ")" ":" "?" "!"]; generatedText = replace(generatedText," " + punctuationCharacters,punctuationCharacters);
Remove the spaces that appear after the specified punctuation characters.
punctuationCharacters = ["(" "‘"]; generatedText = replace(generatedText,punctuationCharacters + " ",punctuationCharacters)
generatedText = " The Mock Turtle sighed deeply, and began watching running from him. “ Off with her head! ” Those whom she sentenced were taken into custody by the soldiers, who was ye ; not after waiting to ask."
See Also
dlhdl.Workflow
| dlhdl.Target
| compile
| deploy
| predict
| predictAndUpdateState
| resetState