Average-Value Voltage Source Converter (Three-Phase)

Average-value bidirectional AC/DC voltage source converter

Libraries:
Simscape / Electrical / Semiconductors & Converters / Converters

Description

The Average-Value Voltage Source Converter (Three-Phase) block converts electrical energy from AC to DC voltage or from DC to AC voltage according to an input three-phase modulation wave. You can specify the modulation wave directly or through phasor quantities such as the magnitude and phase shift. The corresponding input power is equal to the sum of the fixed power loss and the output power.

This block can work in both time and frequency-and-time simulation modes. If you set the AC frequency parameter to Variable, this block works only in time simulation mode. If you select Constant, this block works in both time and frequency-time simulation modes. For more information, see Frequency and Time Simulation Mode.

Losses Parameterization

Switching losses, conduction losses, and quiescent losses are the main heat sources for a converter.

The switching losses are defined by this equation:

$P_{s w i t c h i n g} = k_{s} v_{d c} I_{r m s}$

where:

k_s is the proportionality constant that depends on the turn-on and turn-off intervals and switching frequency. Specify this value by setting the Switching losses coefficient, ks parameter.
v_dc is the dc-link voltage.
$I_{r m s} = \frac{\sqrt{{(i_{a} - i_{d c})}^{2} + {(i_{b} - i_{d c})}^{2} + {(i_{c} - i_{d c})}^{2}}}{\sqrt{3}}$ is the root mean square (RMS) phase current, where $i_{d c} = \frac{i_{a} + i_{b} + i_{c}}{3} .$

The conduction losses are defined by this equation:

$P_{c o n d u c t i o n} = k_{c 1} I_{r m s} + k_{c 2} I_{r m s}^{2}$

where:

k_c1 is the coefficient of the conduction losses that depends on the on-state zero current collector-emitter voltage of the transistor and on the forward voltage drop of the diode. Specify this value by setting the Conduction losses coefficient, kc1 parameter.
k_c2 is the coefficient of the conduction losses that depends on the state resistance of the transistor and on the anti-parallel diode. Specify this value by setting the Conduction losses coefficient, kc2 parameter.

The quiescent losses are defined by the Fixed power loss parameter, P_fixed.

The sum of the switching, conduction, and quiescent losses define the total power losses of the converter:

$P_{l o s s} = P_{s w i t c h i n g} + P_{c o n d u c t i o n} + P_{f i x e d} .$

If not available, you can also obtain the k_s, k_c1, k_c2 and P_fixed parameters values from the power losses profile, by setting the Losses parameterization parameter to Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom). The block then solves this equation and calculates the values of the parameters:

$[\begin{matrix} P_{1} \\ ⋮ \\ P_{n} \end{matrix}] = [\begin{matrix} 1 & v_{d c_n o m} I_{r m s, 1} & I_{r m s, 1} & I_{r m s, 1}^{2} \\ ⋮ & ⋮ & ⋮ & ⋮ \\ 1 & v_{d c_n o m} I_{r m s, n} & I_{r m s, n} & I_{r m s, n}^{2} \end{matrix}] [\begin{matrix} P_{f i x e d} \\ k_{s} \\ k_{c 1} \\ k_{c 2} \end{matrix}]$

where $[\begin{matrix} P_{1} \\ ⋮ \\ P_{n} \end{matrix}]$ is the vector of power loss values, Converter losses, corresponding to the RMS current for converter losses parameter, $[\begin{matrix} I_{r m s, 1} \\ ⋮ \\ I_{r m s,}_{n} \end{matrix}]$ , and the Nominal dc-link voltage, v_{dc_nom}.

Model Thermal Effects

This block has one optional thermal port. To control the visibility of the thermal port, set the Modeling option parameter to either:

No thermal port — The block does not contain a thermal port.
Show thermal port — The block contains one thermal conserving port.

Examples

Asynchronous Machine Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulator

Control an asynchronous machine (ASM) using the direct-torque control method with space vector modulator. A PI-based speed controller supplies the torque reference. The direct-torque controller generates the reference voltages required by the space vector modulator. A DC voltage source feeds the ASM through a controlled average-value voltage source converter.

Open Model

Microgrid with Electric Vehicles V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) Support

Model a microgrid and how to regulate its frequency by using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) support from electric vehicles (EVs).

Open Model

Ports

Input

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ModWave — Modulation wave
vector

Physical signal input port associated with the normalized modulation wave.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Input type to Modulation wave.

Vt — Phase-to-phase RMS voltage
scalar

Since R2024a

Physical signal input port associated with the phase-to-phase RMS voltage.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Input type to Sinusoidal magnitude and phase shift.

ph — Phase shift
scalar

Since R2024a

Physical signal input port associated with the phase shift.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Input type to Sinusoidal magnitude and phase shift.

Conserving

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~ — Voltage
electrical

Expandable electrical conserving port associated with voltage. For more information, see three-phase port.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Electrical connection to Composite three-phase ports.

a — a-phase
electrical

Electrical conserving port associated with a-phase.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Electrical connection to Expanded three-phase ports.

b — b-phase
electrical

Electrical conserving port associated with b-phase.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Electrical connection to Expanded three-phase ports.

c — c-phase
electrical

Electrical conserving port associated with c-phase.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Electrical connection to Expanded three-phase ports.

+ — Positive terminal
electrical

Electrical conserving port associated with the positive terminal.

- — Negative terminal
electrical

Electrical conserving port associated with the negative terminal.

H — Thermal port
thermal

Thermal conserving port.

Dependencies

To enable this port, set Modeling option to Show thermal port.

Parameters

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Modeling option — Whether to enable thermal port
`No thermal port` (default) | `Show thermal port`

Whether to enable the thermal port of the block and model thermal parameters.

Electrical connection — Electrical connection
`Composite three-phase ports` (default) | `Expanded three-phase ports`

Whether to have composite or expanded three-phase ports.

AC frequency — AC frequency
`Variable` (default) | `Constant`

Whether to have a variable or constant AC frequency:

Variable — If the frequency of generated AC voltage varies, this option supports both variable-voltage variable-frequency (VVVF) and variable-voltage constant-frequency (VVCF) applications but the block only works in time simulation mode.
Constant — If the frequency of generated AC voltage is constant, this option supports variable-voltage constant-frequency (VVCF) application and the block works in both time and frequency-and-time simulation modes. You can also choose between a three-phase modulation wave input or a magnitude and phase modulation input.

Input type — Type of input
`Modulation wave` (default) | `Sinusoidal magnitude and phase shift`

Since R2024a

Option to specify the input of the block as a three-phase modulation wave or through sinusoidal magnitude and phase shift.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set AC frequency to Constant.

Rated electrical frequency — Rated electrical frequency
`60` `Hz` | scalar

Rated electrical frequency. The value of this parameter must be equal to the value of the rated electrical frequencies of other sinusoidal sources in your model, if present.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set AC frequency to Constant.

Losses parameterization — Losses parameterization
`Fixed` (default) | `Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ksvdcIrms+kc1Irms+kc2Irms^2` | `Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom)`

Parameterization option for the power losses. You can choose one of these options:

Fixed — Power loss is fixed and equal to the value of the Fixed power loss parameter.
Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ks*vdc*Irms+kc1*Irms+kc2*Irms^2 — The total power losses are obtained by summing up the switching, the conduction, and quiescent losses.
Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom) — The power loss is a function of the RMS current and the nominal dc-link voltage, and is obtained from the power losses profile.

Fixed power loss — Power loss
`1` `W` (default)

Fixed power loss on semiconductor components, in W. The input power is equal to the fixed power loss plus output power.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Losses parameterization to either Fixed or Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ks*vdc*Irms+kc1*Irms+kc2*Irms^2.

Switching losses coefficient, ks — Coefficient of switching losses
`0.01` (default)

Proportionality constant that depends on the turn-on and turn-off intervals and switching frequency.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Losses parameterization to Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ks*vdc*Irms+kc1*Irms+kc2*Irms^2.

Conduction losses coefficient, kc1 — First coefficient of conduction losses
`1.7` `V` (default)

Coefficient of the conduction losses that depends on the on-state zero current collector-emitter voltage of the transistor and on the forward voltage drop of the diode.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Losses parameterization to Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ks*vdc*Irms+kc1*Irms+kc2*Irms^2.

Conduction losses coefficient, kc2 — Second coefficient of conduction losses
`0.01` `Ohm` (default)

Coefficient of the conduction losses that depends on the state resistance of the transistor and on the anti-parallel diode.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Losses parameterization to Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ks*vdc*Irms+kc1*Irms+kc2*Irms^2.

Converter losses — Converter losses vector
`[100, 800, 1870, 3250, 4900]` `W` (default)

Vector of power losses values.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Losses parameterization to Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom).

RMS current for converter losses — RMS currents vector
`[10, 100, 200, 300, 400]` `A` (default)

Vector of root mean square currents associated to the values of the Converter losses parameter.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Losses parameterization to Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom).

Nominal dc-link voltage — Nominal dc-link voltage
`300` `V` (default)

Nominal voltage.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Losses parameterization to Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom).

Thermal mass — Thermal mass
`30000` `J/K` (default)

Thermal mass.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Modeling option to Show thermal port.

References

[1] Rajput, M. N. Thermal modeling of permanent magnet synchronous motor and inverter. 2016.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2018a

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R2024a: Specify magnitude and phase modulation input

You can now use phasor quantities such as magnitude and phase shift as input to the block. To specify a magnitude and phase modulation input, set the AC frequency parameter to Constant and the Input type parameter to Sinusoidal magnitude and phase shift.

R2021b: Electrical connection ports update

From R2021b forward, to switch between composite and expanded ports, set the Electrical connection parameter to either Composite three-phase ports or Expanded three-phase ports.

As a result of these changes, inside a model saved in an earlier release, review the Electrical connection parameter of this block.

Average-Value Voltage Source Converter (Three-Phase)

Description

Losses Parameterization

Model Thermal Effects

Examples

Asynchronous Machine Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulator

Microgrid with Electric Vehicles V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) Support

Ports

Input

ModWave — Modulation wave vector

Dependencies

Vt — Phase-to-phase RMS voltage scalar

Dependencies

ph — Phase shift scalar

Dependencies

Conserving

~ — Voltage electrical

Dependencies

a — a-phase electrical

Dependencies

b — b-phase electrical

Dependencies

c — c-phase electrical

Dependencies

+ — Positive terminal electrical

- — Negative terminal electrical

H — Thermal port thermal

Dependencies

Parameters

Modeling option — Whether to enable thermal port No thermal port (default) | Show thermal port

Electrical connection — Electrical connection Composite three-phase ports (default) | Expanded three-phase ports

AC frequency — AC frequency Variable (default) | Constant

Input type — Type of input Modulation wave (default) | Sinusoidal magnitude and phase shift

Dependencies

Rated electrical frequency — Rated electrical frequency 60 Hz | scalar

Dependencies

Losses parameterization — Losses parameterization Fixed (default) | Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ks*vdc*Irms+kc1*Irms+kc2*Irms^2 | Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom)

Fixed power loss — Power loss 1 W (default)

Dependencies

Switching losses coefficient, ks — Coefficient of switching losses 0.01 (default)

Dependencies

Conduction losses coefficient, kc1 — First coefficient of conduction losses 1.7 V (default)

Dependencies

Conduction losses coefficient, kc2 — Second coefficient of conduction losses 0.01 Ohm (default)

Dependencies

Converter losses — Converter losses vector [100, 800, 1870, 3250, 4900] W (default)

Dependencies

RMS current for converter losses — RMS currents vector [10, 100, 200, 300, 400] A (default)

Dependencies

Nominal dc-link voltage — Nominal dc-link voltage 300 V (default)

Dependencies

Thermal mass — Thermal mass 30000 J/K (default)

Dependencies

References

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

R2024a: Specify magnitude and phase modulation input

R2021b: Electrical connection ports update

See Also

ModWave — Modulation wave
vector

Vt — Phase-to-phase RMS voltage
scalar

ph — Phase shift
scalar

~ — Voltage
electrical

a — a-phase
electrical

b — b-phase
electrical

c — c-phase
electrical

+ — Positive terminal
electrical

- — Negative terminal
electrical

H — Thermal port
thermal

Modeling option — Whether to enable thermal port
`No thermal port` (default) | `Show thermal port`

Electrical connection — Electrical connection
`Composite three-phase ports` (default) | `Expanded three-phase ports`

AC frequency — AC frequency
`Variable` (default) | `Constant`

Input type — Type of input
`Modulation wave` (default) | `Sinusoidal magnitude and phase shift`

Rated electrical frequency — Rated electrical frequency
`60` `Hz` | scalar

Losses parameterization — Losses parameterization
`Fixed` (default) | `Coefficients: loss=Pfixed+ksvdcIrms+kc1Irms+kc2Irms^2` | `Profile: loss=f(Irms,vdc_nom)`

Fixed power loss — Power loss
`1` `W` (default)

Switching losses coefficient, ks — Coefficient of switching losses
`0.01` (default)

Conduction losses coefficient, kc1 — First coefficient of conduction losses
`1.7` `V` (default)

Conduction losses coefficient, kc2 — Second coefficient of conduction losses
`0.01` `Ohm` (default)

Converter losses — Converter losses vector
`[100, 800, 1870, 3250, 4900]` `W` (default)

RMS current for converter losses — RMS currents vector
`[10, 100, 200, 300, 400]` `A` (default)

Nominal dc-link voltage — Nominal dc-link voltage
`300` `V` (default)

Thermal mass — Thermal mass
`30000` `J/K` (default)

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.