predict

Train Model

Load the carsmall data set, and then fit the quadratic regression model.

load carsmall
X = Weight;
y = MPG;
mdl = fitlm(X,y,'quadratic');

Save Model

Save the fitted quadratic model to the file QLMMdl.mat by using saveLearnerForCoder.

saveLearnerForCoder(mdl,'QLMMdl');

Define Entry-Point Function

Define an entry-point function named mypredictQLM that does the following:

function [yhat,ci] = mypredictQLM(x,varargin) %#codegen
%MYPREDICTQLM Predict response using linear model
%   MYPREDICTQLM predicts responses for the n observations in the n-by-1
%   vector x using the linear model stored in the MAT-file QLMMdl.mat, and
%   then returns the predictions in the n-by-1 vector yhat. MYPREDICTQLM
%   also returns confidence interval bounds for the predictions in the
%   n-by-2 vector ci.
CompactMdl = loadLearnerForCoder('QLMMdl');
[yhat,ci] = predict(CompactMdl,x,varargin{:});
end

Add the %#codegen compiler directive (or pragma) to the entry-point function after the function signature to indicate that you intend to generate code for the MATLAB algorithm. Adding this directive instructs the MATLAB Code Analyzer to help you diagnose and fix violations that would result in errors during code generation.

Note: If you click the button located in the upper-right section of this example and open the example in MATLAB®, then MATLAB opens the example folder. This folder includes the entry-point function file.

Generate Code

Generate code for the entry-point function using codegen (MATLAB Coder). Because C and C++ are statically typed languages, you must determine the properties of all variables in the entry-point function at compile time. To specify the data type and exact input array size, pass a MATLAB® expression that represents the set of values with a certain data type and array size. Use coder.Constant (MATLAB Coder) for the names of name-value pair arguments.

If the number of observations is unknown at compile time, you can also specify the input as variable-size by using coder.typeof (MATLAB Coder). For details, see Specify Variable-Size Arguments for Code Generation and Specify Types of Entry-Point Function Inputs (MATLAB Coder).

codegen mypredictQLM -args {X,coder.Constant('Alpha'),0.1,coder.Constant('Simultaneous'),true}

Code generation successful.

codegen generates the MEX function mypredictQLM_mex with a platform-dependent extension.

Verify Generated Code

Compare predictions and confidence intervals using predict and mypredictQLM_mex. Specify name-value pair arguments in the same order as in the -args argument in the call to codegen.

Xnew = sort(X);
[yhat1,ci1] = predict(mdl,Xnew,'Alpha',0.1,'Simultaneous',true);
[yhat2,ci2] = mypredictQLM_mex(Xnew,'Alpha',0.1,'Simultaneous',true);

The returned values from mypredictQLM_mex might include round-off differences compared to the values from predict. In this case, compare the values allowing a small tolerance.

find(abs(yhat1-yhat2) > 1e-6)

ans =

  0x1 empty double column vector

find(abs(ci1-ci2) > 1e-6)

ans =

  0x1 empty double column vector

The comparison confirms that the returned values are equal within the tolerance 1e–6.

Plot the returned values for comparison.

h1 = plot(X,y,'k.');
hold on
h2 = plot(Xnew,yhat1,'ro',Xnew,yhat2,'gx');
h3 = plot(Xnew,ci1,'r-','LineWidth',4);
h4 = plot(Xnew,ci2,'g--','LineWidth',2);
legend([h1; h2; h3(1); h4(1)], ...
    {'Data','predict estimates','MEX estimates','predict CIs','MEX CIs'});
xlabel('Weight');
ylabel('MPG');