Change Output Format of Symbolic and Variable-Precision Arithmetic

Symbolic Arithmetic

Symbolic Math Toolbox provides the sym and syms functions to create symbolic objects for symbolic computations. In symbolic arithmetic, you can perform analytical computations involving numbers and variables in their exact form, such as 5/11, pi, or x^(1/2).

For example, create the number $\sqrt{\frac{11}{35}}$ in its exact form by using sym.

a = sqrt(sym(11)/35)

a = 
$$\frac{\sqrt{11}\hspace{0.17em}\sqrt{35}}{35}$$

Create a symbolic variable x using syms. Create a symbolic function y(x) that takes the variable x as an input argument.

syms x
y(x) = a*x^2

y(x) = 
$$\frac{\sqrt{11}\hspace{0.17em}\sqrt{35}\hspace{0.17em}{x}^2}{35}$$

Evaluate y for x = sqrt(35).

y_eval = y(sqrt(35))

y_eval = $$\sqrt{11}\hspace{0.17em}\sqrt{35}$$

Variable-Precision Arithmetic

To specify the number of significant digits when performing calculations in Symbolic Math Toolbox with variable-precision arithmetic, you can use the digits and vpa functions.

For example, specify 10 significant digits and evaluate the previous symbolic values and functions to the specified precision.

digits(10)
a_vpa = vpa(a)

a_vpa = $$0.5606119106$$

y_vpa(x) = vpa(y)

y_vpa(x) = $$0.5606119106\hspace{0.17em}{x}^2$$

y_vpaeval = y_vpa(sqrt(35))

y_vpaeval = $$19.62141687$$

Change Output Display Format

The results of symbolic computations in their analytical form can be long and complicated. To change the display format of symbolic results, you can use the sympref function. This function sets the preferences used in symbolic computations.

For example, set the "FloatingPointOutput" preference to true. Then display the values and functions from the previous symbolic and variable-precision arithmetic examples. The output of all symbolic calculations are now in the short, fixed-decimal format with four digits after the decimal point.

sympref("FloatingPointOutput",true);
a

a = $$0.5606$$

a_vpa

a_vpa = $$0.5606$$

y

y(x) = $$0.5606\hspace{0.17em}{x}^2$$

y_vpa

y_vpa(x) = $$0.5606\hspace{0.17em}{x}^2$$

y_eval

y_eval = $$19.6214$$

y_vpaeval

y_vpaeval = $$19.6214$$

Setting the "FloatingPointOutput" preference affects only the output display format and does not affect the floating-point precision in symbolic computations. For example, restore the default setting of the symbolic preference by using sympref("default"). The variables y_eval and y_vpaeval still contain the exact symbolic arithmetic and 10-digit variable-precision arithmetic, respectively.

sympref("default");
y_eval

y_eval = $$\sqrt{11}\hspace{0.17em}\sqrt{35}$$

y_vpaeval

y_vpaeval = $$19.62141687$$

Convert Symbolic Values to Numeric Values

You can also convert symbolic values to the default MATLAB double-precision values.

For example, you can use the double function to convert symbolic numbers to double-precision numbers.

a_num = double(a)

a_num = 
0.5606

You can use matlabFunction to generate a MATLAB function that operates on the double data type from an existing symbolic function.

y_num = matlabFunction(y)

y_num = function_handle with value:
    @(x)(sqrt(1.1e+1).*sqrt(3.5e+1).*x.^2)./3.5e+1

Evaluate the generated function y_num for x = sqrt(35).

y_numeval = y_num(sqrt(35))

y_numeval = 
19.6214

Setting the "FloatingPointOutput" preference using sympref affects only the output display format of symbolic results. To change the output display format for MATLAB numeric results, use the format function.