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pixelClassificationLayer

(To be removed) Create pixel classification layer for semantic segmentation

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The pixelClassificationLayer object will be removed in a future release. Use the trainnet (Deep Learning Toolbox) function and specify the loss using the crossentropy (Deep Learning Toolbox) function. For more information, see Version History.

Description

A pixel classification layer provides a categorical label for each image pixel or voxel.

Creation

Syntax

layer = pixelClassificationLayer
layer = pixelClassificationLayer(Name=Value)

Description

layer = pixelClassificationLayer creates a pixel classification output layer for semantic image segmentation networks. The layer outputs the categorical label for each image pixel or voxel processed by a CNN. The layer automatically ignores undefined pixel labels during training.

example

layer = pixelClassificationLayer(Name=Value) returns a pixel classification output layer using one or more name-value arguments to set the optional Classes, ClassWeights, and Name. For example, pixelClassificationLayer(Name="pixclass") creates a pixel classification layer with the name pixclass.

example

Properties

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Classes of the output layer, specified as a categorical vector, string array, cell array of character vectors, or "auto". If Classes is "auto", then the software automatically sets the classes at training time. If you specify the string array or cell array of character vectors str, then the software sets the classes of the output layer to categorical(str,str).

Data Types: char | categorical | string | cell

Class weights, specified as "none" or as a vector of real scalar. The elements of the vector correspond to the classes in Classes. If you specify ClassWeights, then you must specify Classes.

Use class weighting to balance classes when there are underrepresented classes in the training data.

This property is read-only.

The output size of the layer. The value is "auto" prior to training, and is specified as a numeric value at training time.

This property is read-only.

Loss function used for training, specified as "crossentropyex".

Layer name, specified as a character vector or string scalar. For Layer array input, the trainnet (Deep Learning Toolbox) and dlnetwork (Deep Learning Toolbox) functions automatically assign names to layers with the name "".

The pixelClassificationLayer object stores this property as a character vector.

Data Types: char | string

This property is read-only.

Number of inputs to the layer, returned as 1. This layer accepts a single input only.

Data Types: double

This property is read-only.

Input names, returned as {'in'}. This layer accepts a single input only.

Data Types: cell

Examples

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This example uses:

Open Live Script

Predict the categorical label of every pixel in an input image.

layers = [
         imageInputLayer([32 32 3])
         convolution2dLayer(3,16,Stride=2,Padding=1)
         reluLayer
         transposedConv2dLayer(3,1,Stride=2,Cropping=1)
         softmaxLayer
         pixelClassificationLayer
      ]
layers = 
  6x1 Layer array with layers:

     1   ''   Image Input                  32x32x3 images with 'zerocenter' normalization
     2   ''   2-D Convolution              16 3x3 convolutions with stride [2  2] and padding [1  1  1  1]
     3   ''   ReLU                         ReLU
     4   ''   2-D Transposed Convolution   1 3x3 transposed convolutions with stride [2  2] and cropping [1  1  1  1]
     5   ''   Softmax                      softmax
     6   ''   Pixel Classification Layer   Cross-entropy loss

This example uses:

Open Live Script

Balance classes using inverse class frequency weighting when some classes are underrepresented in the training data. First, count class frequencies over the training data using pixelLabelDatastore. Then, set the 'ClassWeights' in pixelClassificationLayer to the computed inverse class frequencies.

Set the location of image and pixel label data.

  dataDir = fullfile(toolboxdir("vision"),"visiondata");
  imDir = fullfile(dataDir,"building");
  pxDir = fullfile(dataDir,"buildingPixelLabels");

Create a pixel label image datastore using the ground truth images in imds and the pixel labeled images in pxds.

  imds = imageDatastore(imDir);
  classNames = ["sky" "grass" "building" "sidewalk"];
  pixelLabelID = [1 2 3 4];
  pxds = pixelLabelDatastore(pxDir,classNames,pixelLabelID);

Tabulate class distribution in dataset.

  tbl = countEachLabel(pxds)
tbl=4×3 table
        Name        PixelCount    ImagePixelCount
    ____________    __________    _______________

    {'sky'     }    3.1485e+05       1.536e+06   
    {'grass'   }    1.5979e+05       1.536e+06   
    {'building'}    1.0312e+06       1.536e+06   
    {'sidewalk'}         25313       9.216e+05

Calculate inverse frequency class weights.

  totalNumberOfPixels = sum(tbl.PixelCount);
  frequency = tbl.PixelCount / totalNumberOfPixels;
  inverseFrequency = 1./frequency
inverseFrequency = 4×1

    4.8632
    9.5827
    1.4848
   60.4900

Set 'ClassWeights' to the inverse class frequencies.

  layer = pixelClassificationLayer(...
      Classes=tbl.Name,ClassWeights=inverseFrequency)
layer = 
  PixelClassificationLayer with properties:

            Name: ''
         Classes: [sky    grass    building    sidewalk]
    ClassWeights: [4x1 double]
      OutputSize: 'auto'

   Hyperparameters
    LossFunction: 'crossentropyex'

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced in R2017b

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R2024a: pixelClassificationLayer will be removed

The pixelClassificationLayer object will be removed in a future release. Follow these steps to update your code:

  • Define your network as a dlnetwork (Deep Learning Toolbox) object. You can use functions such as addLayers (Deep Learning Toolbox) and connectLayers (Deep Learning Toolbox) to build the network. Do not include output layers in the network.

  • Define a custom loss function that uses the crossentropy (Deep Learning Toolbox) function. Here is a sample loss function appropriate for pixel classification:

    function loss = modelLoss(Y,T) 
  mask = ~isnan(T);
  targets(isnan(T)) = 0;
  loss = crossentropy(Y,T,Mask=mask,NormalizationFactor="mask-included"); 
end

  • Train the network using the trainnet (Deep Learning Toolbox) function with the custom loss function. For example, this code trains a dlnetwork network called net using the training data images and the custom loss function modelLoss.

    netTrained = trainnet(images,net,@modelLoss,options);

See Also

(Deep Learning Toolbox) | (Deep Learning Toolbox) | (Deep Learning Toolbox) | |

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