什么是 IEC 62304?
IEC 62304 是由国际电工委员会 (IEC) 发布的国际标准,规定了医疗设备软件开发的软件生命周期流程要求。该标准由欧盟和美国统一制定,可作为遵守这两个市场的医疗设备法规的参考。
IEC 62304 标准规定了一系列流程、活动和任务,为设计安全且经过测试的医疗设备软件建立了通用框架。根据软件故障可能对患者造成的后果,该标准将软件分为以下三个安全级别:
- A 级:不会造成伤害或损害健康
- B 级:可能造成非严重伤害
- C 级:可能导致死亡或严重伤害
您可以借助 MATLAB® 和 Simulink® 采用基于模型的设计开发符合 IEC 62304 标准的嵌入式医疗设备软件。基于模型的设计是一种将验证和确认纳入工作流的软件开发方法。这可确保软件在集成到医疗设备之前经过全面的测试和验证。此外,IEC 62304 要求的文档部分还将自动生成,以符合法规要求。基于模型的设计中使用的大多数 Simulink 工具已通过 TÜV 南德认证,可用于 IEC 62304 合规开发工作流。
IEC 62304 的软件文档要求
| Class A | Class B | Class C | |
| Software development planning (5.1) | X | X | X |
| Software requirements analysis (5.2) | X | X | X |
| Software architectural design (5.3) | X | X | |
| Software detailed design (5.4) | X | ||
| Software unit implementation and verification (5.5) | X | X | |
| Software integration and integration testing (5.6) | X | X | |
| Software system testing (5.7) | X | X | X |
| Software release (5.8) | X | X | X |
要进一步了解如何开发符合 IEC 62304 标准的软件,请参阅使用 Simulink 进行验证和确认、Polyspace 静态代码分析产品和 IEC Certification Kit。
Future of IEC 62304
A second edition of IEC 62304 is expected to address the increasing complexity of medical device software and the evolution of development practices while maintaining its core focus on patient safety and process discipline. Proposed updates aim to better align with related standards such as ISO 13485, ISO 14971, and IEC 82304; clarify lifecycle expectations; and support modern development approaches, including iterative and agile workflows.
The future revision is also expected to clarify requirements around software maintenance, cybersecurity, and the increasing use of software across connected and data‑driven medical devices. Until the second edition is formally released, regulators and manufacturers continue to rely on the current edition while monitoring proposed changes to ensure future readiness and ongoing compliance.
示例和操作方法
软件参考
Examples
Regulatory Resources
另请参阅: MATLAB 和 Simulink 在医疗设备领域的应用, 软件即医疗设备 (SaMD), 21 CFR 820