ylabel

Label y-axis

Syntax

ylabel(txt)

ylabel(target,txt)

ylabel(___,Name,Value)

t = ylabel(___)

Description

ylabel(txt) labels the y-axis of the current axes or standalone visualization. Reissuing the ylabel command causes the new label to replace the old label.

example

ylabel(target,txt) adds the label to the specified target object.

ylabel(___,Name,Value) modifies the label appearance using one or more name-value pair arguments. For example, 'FontSize',12 sets the font size to 12 points. Specify name-value pair arguments after all other input arguments. Modifying the label appearance is not supported for all types of charts.

example

t = ylabel(___) returns the text object used as the y-axis label. Use t to make future modifications to the label after it is created.

Examples

collapse all

Label y-Axis

Open Live Script

plot((1:10).^2)
ylabel('Population')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with ylabel Population contains an object of type line.

Label y-Axis with Numeric Input

Open Live Script

figure
plot((1:10).^2)
ylabel(123)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with ylabel 123 contains an object of type line.

MATLAB® displays 123 beside the y-axis.

Create Multiline Label

Open Live Script

Create a multiline label using a multiline cell array.

figure
plot((1:10).^2)
ylabel({2010;'Population';'in Years'})

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with ylabel 2010 Population in Years contains an object of type line.

Include Superscript and Subscript in Axis Labels

Open Live Script

Use the '^' and '_' characters to include superscripts and subscripts in the axis labels. Use curly braces {} to modify more than one character.

t = linspace(0,1);
y = exp(t);
plot(t,y)
xlabel('t_{seconds}')
ylabel('e^t')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel t indexOf seconds baseline, ylabel e toThePowerOf t baseline contains an object of type line.

Create y-Axis Label and Set Font Properties

Open Live Script

Use Name,Value pairs to set the font size, font weight, and text color properties of the y-axis label.

figure
plot((1:10).^2)
ylabel('Population','FontSize',12,...
       'FontWeight','bold','Color','r')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with ylabel Population contains an object of type line.

'FontSize',12 displays the label text in 12-point font. 'FontWeight','bold' makes the text bold. 'Color','r' sets the text color to red.

Label y-Axis of Specific Axes

Open Live Script

Starting in R2019b, you can display a tiling of plots using the tiledlayout and nexttile functions. Call the tiledlayout function to create a 2-by-1 tiled chart layout. Call the nexttile function to create the axes objects ax1 and ax2. Plot data into each axes, and create an y-axis label for the top plot.

tiledlayout(2,1)
ax1 = nexttile;
plot((1:10).^2)
ylabel(ax1,'Population')

ax2 = nexttile;
plot((1:10).^3)

Figure contains 2 axes objects. Axes object 1 with ylabel Population contains an object of type line. Axes object 2 contains an object of type line.

Label y-Axis and Return Object Handle

Open Live Script

Label the y-axis and return the handle to the text object used as the label.

plot((1:10).^2)
t = ylabel('Population');

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with ylabel Population contains an object of type line.

Set the color of the label to red. Use dot notation to set properties.

t.Color = 'red';

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with ylabel Population contains an object of type line.

Rotated y-Axis Label

Open Live Script

Since R2023a

You can rotate a y-axis label so that it reads from left-to-right by setting the Rotation property of the label to 0 degrees. By default, y-axis labels have a Rotation value of 90 degrees. When you rotate a label, its HorizontalAlignment and VerticalAlignment properties automatically change to prevent overlap with the axes.

Create a plot. Then add a y-axis label with a rotation angle of 0 degrees.

plot((1:10))
mylabel = ylabel("Population","Rotation",0);

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with ylabel Population contains an object of type line.

Input Arguments

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`txt` — Axis label
string scalar | character vector | string array | character array | cell array | categorical array | numeric value

Axis label, specified as a string scalar, character vector, string array, character array, cell array, categorical array, or numeric value.

Example: 'my label'

Example: {'first line','second line'}

Example: 123

To include numeric variables with text in a label, use the num2str function. For example:

x = 42;
txt = ['The value is ',num2str(x)];

To include special characters, such as superscripts, subscripts, Greek letters, or mathematical symbols use TeX markup. For a list of supported markup, see the Interpreter property.

To create multiline labels:

Use a string array, where each element contains a line of text, such as ["first line","second line"].
Use a cell array, where each cell contains a line of text, such as {'first line','second line'}.
Use a character array, where each row contains the same number of characters, such as ['abc'; 'ab '].
Use sprintf to create text with a new line character, such as sprintf('first line \n second line').

Numeric labels are converted to text using sprintf('%g',value). For example, 12345678 displays as 1.23457e+07.

Note

If you specify the label as a categorical array, MATLAB^® uses the values in the array, not the categories.
The words default, factory, and remove are reserved words that will not appear in a label when quoted as a normal characters. To display any of these words individually, precede them with a backslash, such as '\default' or '\remove'.

`target` — Target for label
`Axes` object | `TiledChartLayout` object | standalone visualization | array of objects

Target for label, specified as one of the following:

An Axes object.
A TiledChartLayout object.
A standalone visualization that has a YLabel property. For example, you can specify a heatmap chart as the target.
An array of graphics objects from the preceding list. The objects must belong to the same class. To determine the class, use the class function.

If you do not specify the target, then the ylabel function adds the label to the graphics object returned by the gca command.

Note

Standalone visualizations do not support modifying the label appearance, such as the color, or returning the text object as an output argument.

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: 'Color','red','FontSize',12 specifies red, 12-point font.

In addition to the following, you can specify other text object properties using Name,Value pair arguments. See Text Properties.

`FontSize` — Font size
`11` (default) | scalar value greater than `0`

Font size, specified as a scalar value greater than 0 in point units. One point equals 1/72 inch. To change the font units, use the FontUnits property.

Setting the font size properties for the associated axes also affects the label font size. The label font size updates to equal the axes font size times the label scale factor. The FontSize property of the axes contains the axes font size. The LabelFontSizeMultiplier property of the axes contains the label scale factor. By default, the axes font size is 10 points and the scale factor is 1.1, so the y-axis label font size is 11 points.

`FontWeight` — Character thickness
`'normal'` (default) | `'bold'`

Character thickness, specified as 'normal' or 'bold'.

MATLAB uses the FontWeight property to select a font from those available on your system. Not all fonts have a bold weight. Therefore, specifying a bold font weight can still result in the normal font weight.

`FontName` — Font name
supported font name | `"FixedWidth"`

Font name, specified as a supported font name or "FixedWidth". To display and print text properly, you must choose a font that your system supports. The default font depends on your operating system and locale.

To use a fixed-width font that looks good in any locale, use "FixedWidth". The fixed-width font relies on the root FixedWidthFontName property. Setting the root FixedWidthFontName property causes an immediate update of the display to use the new font.

`Color` — Text color
`[0.15 0.15 0.15]` (default) | RGB triplet | hexadecimal color code | `'r'` | `'g'` | `'b'` | ...

Text color, specified as an RGB triplet, a hexadecimal color code, a color name, or a short name.

For a custom color, specify an RGB triplet or a hexadecimal color code.

An RGB triplet is a three-element row vector whose elements specify the intensities of the red, green, and blue components of the color. The intensities must be in the range [0,1], for example, [0.4 0.6 0.7].
A hexadecimal color code is a string scalar or character vector that starts with a hash symbol (#) followed by three or six hexadecimal digits, which can range from 0 to F. The values are not case sensitive. Therefore, the color codes "#FF8800", "#ff8800", "#F80", and "#f80" are equivalent.

Alternatively, you can specify some common colors by name. This table lists the named color options, the equivalent RGB triplets, and hexadecimal color codes.

Color Name	Short Name	RGB Triplet	Hexadecimal Color Code	Appearance
`"red"`	`"r"`	`[1 0 0]`	`"#FF0000"`
`"green"`	`"g"`	`[0 1 0]`	`"#00FF00"`
`"blue"`	`"b"`	`[0 0 1]`	`"#0000FF"`
`"cyan"`	`"c"`	`[0 1 1]`	`"#00FFFF"`
`"magenta"`	`"m"`	`[1 0 1]`	`"#FF00FF"`
`"yellow"`	`"y"`	`[1 1 0]`	`"#FFFF00"`
`"black"`	`"k"`	`[0 0 0]`	`"#000000"`
`"white"`	`"w"`	`[1 1 1]`	`"#FFFFFF"`
`"none"`	Not applicable	Not applicable	Not applicable	No color

Here are the RGB triplets and hexadecimal color codes for the default colors MATLAB uses in many types of plots.

RGB Triplet	Hexadecimal Color Code	Appearance
`[0 0.4470 0.7410]`	`"#0072BD"`
`[0.8500 0.3250 0.0980]`	`"#D95319"`
`[0.9290 0.6940 0.1250]`	`"#EDB120"`
`[0.4940 0.1840 0.5560]`	`"#7E2F8E"`
`[0.4660 0.6740 0.1880]`	`"#77AC30"`
`[0.3010 0.7450 0.9330]`	`"#4DBEEE"`
`[0.6350 0.0780 0.1840]`	`"#A2142F"`

Example: 'blue'

Example: [0 0 1]

Example: '#0000FF'

`Rotation` — Text orientation
scalar value in degrees

Text orientation, specified as a scalar value in degrees. A rotation value of 0 degrees makes the text horizontal. For vertical text, set this property to 90 or -90. Positive values rotate the text counterclockwise. Negative values rotate the text clockwise.

`Interpreter` — Text interpreter
`'tex'` (default) | `'latex'` | `'none'`

Text interpreter, specified as one of these values:

'tex' — Interpret characters using a subset of TeX markup.
'latex' — Interpret characters using LaTeX markup.
'none' — Display literal characters.

TeX Markup

By default, MATLAB supports a subset of TeX markup. Use TeX markup to add superscripts and subscripts, modify the font type and color, and include special characters in the text.

Modifiers remain in effect until the end of the text. Superscripts and subscripts are an exception because they modify only the next character or the characters within the curly braces. When you set the interpreter to 'tex', the supported modifiers are as follows.

Modifier	Description	Example
`^{ }`	Superscript	`'text^{superscript}'`
`_{ }`	Subscript	`'text_{subscript}'`
`\bf`	Bold font	`'\bf text'`
`\it`	Italic font	`'\it text'`
`\sl`	Oblique font (usually the same as italic font)	`'\sl text'`
`\rm`	Normal font	`'\rm text'`
`\fontname{specifier}`	Font name — Replace `specifier` with the name of a font family. You can use this in combination with other modifiers.	`'\fontname{Courier} text'`
`\fontsize{specifier}`	Font size —Replace `specifier` with a numeric scalar value in point units.	`'\fontsize{15} text'`
`\color{specifier}`	Font color — Replace `specifier` with one of these colors: `red`, `green`, `yellow`, `magenta`, `blue`, `black`, `white`, `gray`, `darkGreen`, `orange`, or `lightBlue`.	`'\color{magenta} text'`
`\color[rgb]{specifier}`	Custom font color — Replace `specifier` with a three-element RGB triplet.	`'\color[rgb]{0,0.5,0.5} text'`

This table lists the supported special characters for the 'tex' interpreter.

Character Sequence	Symbol	Character Sequence	Symbol	Character Sequence	Symbol
`\alpha`	α	`\upsilon`	υ	`\sim`	~
`\angle`	∠	`\phi`	ϕ	`\leq`	≤
`\ast`	`*`	`\chi`	χ	`\infty`	∞
`\beta`	β	`\psi`	ψ	`\clubsuit`	♣
`\gamma`	γ	`\omega`	ω	`\diamondsuit`	♦
`\delta`	δ	`\Gamma`	Γ	`\heartsuit`	♥
`\epsilon`	ϵ	`\Delta`	Δ	`\spadesuit`	♠
`\zeta`	ζ	`\Theta`	Θ	`\leftrightarrow`	↔
`\eta`	η	`\Lambda`	Λ	`\leftarrow`	←
`\theta`	θ	`\Xi`	Ξ	`\Leftarrow`	⇐
`\vartheta`	ϑ	`\Pi`	Π	`\uparrow`	↑
`\iota`	ι	`\Sigma`	Σ	`\rightarrow`	→
`\kappa`	κ	`\Upsilon`	ϒ	`\Rightarrow`	⇒
`\lambda`	λ	`\Phi`	Φ	`\downarrow`	↓
`\mu`	µ	`\Psi`	Ψ	`\circ`	º
`\nu`	ν	`\Omega`	Ω	`\pm`	±
`\xi`	ξ	`\forall`	∀	`\geq`	≥
`\pi`	π	`\exists`	∃	`\propto`	∝
`\rho`	ρ	`\ni`	∍	`\partial`	∂
`\sigma`	σ	`\cong`	≅	`\bullet`	•
`\varsigma`	ς	`\approx`	≈	`\div`	÷
`\tau`	τ	`\Re`	ℜ	`\neq`	≠
`\equiv`	≡	`\oplus`	⊕	`\aleph`	ℵ
`\Im`	ℑ	`\cup`	∪	`\wp`	℘
`\otimes`	⊗	`\subseteq`	⊆	`\oslash`	∅
`\cap`	∩	`\in`	∈	`\supseteq`	⊇
`\supset`	⊃	`\lceil`	⌈	`\subset`	⊂
`\int`	∫	`\cdot`	·	`\o`	ο
`\rfloor`	⌋	`\neg`	¬	`\nabla`	∇
`\lfloor`	⌊	`\times`	x	`\ldots`	...
`\perp`	⊥	`\surd`	√	`\prime`	´
`\wedge`	∧	`\varpi`	ϖ	`\0`	∅
`\rceil`	⌉	`\rangle`	〉	`\mid`	\|
`\vee`	∨	`\langle`	〈	`\copyright`	©

LaTeX Markup

To use LaTeX markup, set the interpreter to 'latex'. For inline mode, surround the markup with single dollar signs ($). For display mode, surround the markup with double dollar signs ($$).

LaTeX Mode	Example	Result
Inline	'$\int_1^{20} x^2 dx$'
Display	'$$\int_1^{20} x^2 dx$$'

LaTeX Mode

Example

Result

Inline

'$\int_1^{20} x^2 dx$'

Equation with LaTeX inline mode

Display

'$$\int_1^{20} x^2 dx$$'

Equation with LaTeX display mode

The displayed text uses the default LaTeX font style. The FontName, FontWeight, and FontAngle properties do not have an effect. To change the font style, use LaTeX markup.

The maximum size of the text that you can use with the LaTeX interpreter is 1200 characters. For multiline text, this reduces by about 10 characters per line.

For examples that use TeX and LaTeX, see Greek Letters and Special Characters in Chart Text. For more information about the LaTeX system, see The LaTeX Project website at https://www.latex-project.org/.

Output Arguments

collapse all

`t` — Text object
text object

Text object used as the y-axis label. Use t to access and modify properties of the label after its created.

Tips

By default, the Interactions property contains editInteraction so the text can be edited by clicking on the text. To disable this interaction, set the Interactions property of the text object to [].

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

expand all

R2023a: Rotate the y-axis label without overlapping the axes

When you change the Rotation property of the y-axis label in a 2-D plot, the HorizontalAlignment and the VerticalAlignment properties of the label automatically change to prevent overlap between the label and the axes.

ylabel

Syntax

Description

Examples

Label y-Axis

Label y-Axis with Numeric Input

Create Multiline Label

Include Superscript and Subscript in Axis Labels

Create y-Axis Label and Set Font Properties

Label y-Axis of Specific Axes

Label y-Axis and Return Object Handle

Rotated y-Axis Label

Input Arguments

`txt` — Axis label
string scalar | character vector | string array | character array | cell array | categorical array | numeric value

`target` — Target for label
`Axes` object | `TiledChartLayout` object | standalone visualization | array of objects

Name-Value Arguments

`FontSize` — Font size
`11` (default) | scalar value greater than `0`

`FontWeight` — Character thickness
`'normal'` (default) | `'bold'`

`FontName` — Font name
supported font name | `"FixedWidth"`

`Color` — Text color
`[0.15 0.15 0.15]` (default) | RGB triplet | hexadecimal color code | `'r'` | `'g'` | `'b'` | ...

`Rotation` — Text orientation
scalar value in degrees

`Interpreter` — Text interpreter
`'tex'` (default) | `'latex'` | `'none'`

TeX Markup

LaTeX Markup

Output Arguments

`t` — Text object
text object

Tips

Version History

R2023a: Rotate the y-axis label without overlapping the axes

See Also

Functions

Properties

Topics

ylabel

Syntax

Description

Examples

Label y-Axis

Label y-Axis with Numeric Input

Create Multiline Label

Include Superscript and Subscript in Axis Labels

Create y-Axis Label and Set Font Properties

Label y-Axis of Specific Axes

Label y-Axis and Return Object Handle

Rotated y-Axis Label

Input Arguments

txt — Axis label string scalar | character vector | string array | character array | cell array | categorical array | numeric value

target — Target for label Axes object | TiledChartLayout object | standalone visualization | array of objects

Name-Value Arguments

FontSize — Font size 11 (default) | scalar value greater than 0

FontWeight — Character thickness 'normal' (default) | 'bold'

FontName — Font name supported font name | "FixedWidth"

Color — Text color [0.15 0.15 0.15] (default) | RGB triplet | hexadecimal color code | 'r' | 'g' | 'b' | ...

Rotation — Text orientation scalar value in degrees

Interpreter — Text interpreter 'tex' (default) | 'latex' | 'none'

TeX Markup

LaTeX Markup

Output Arguments

t — Text object text object

Tips

Version History

R2023a: Rotate the y-axis label without overlapping the axes

See Also

Functions

Properties

Topics

`txt` — Axis label
string scalar | character vector | string array | character array | cell array | categorical array | numeric value

`target` — Target for label
`Axes` object | `TiledChartLayout` object | standalone visualization | array of objects

`FontSize` — Font size
`11` (default) | scalar value greater than `0`

`FontWeight` — Character thickness
`'normal'` (default) | `'bold'`

`FontName` — Font name
supported font name | `"FixedWidth"`

`Color` — Text color
`[0.15 0.15 0.15]` (default) | RGB triplet | hexadecimal color code | `'r'` | `'g'` | `'b'` | ...

`Rotation` — Text orientation
scalar value in degrees

`Interpreter` — Text interpreter
`'tex'` (default) | `'latex'` | `'none'`

`t` — Text object
text object