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spiralArchimedean

Create Archimedean spiral antenna

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Description

The default spiralArchimedean object creates a planar Archimedean spiral antenna on the xy- plane resonating around 1.46 GHz. The default Archimedean spiral is always center fed and has two arms. The field characteristics of this antenna are frequency independent. A realizable spiral has finite limits on the feeding region and the outermost point of any arm of the spiral. The spiral antenna exhibits a broadband behavior. The outer radius imposes the low frequency limit and the inner radius imposes the high frequency limit. The arm radius grows linearly as a function of the winding angle.

The equation of the Archimedean spiral is:

r=r0+aϕ

where:

  • r0 is the inner radius

  • a is the growth rate

  • ϕ is the winding angle of the spiral

Archimedean spiral antenna is a self-complementary structure, where the spacing between the arms and the width of the arms are equal. The default antenna is center fed. The feed point coincides with the origin. The origin is in the xy- plane.

Creation

Syntax

ant = spiralArchimedean
ant = spiralArchimedean(Name=Value)

Description

ant = spiralArchimedean creates a planar Archimedean spiral on the xy-plane. By default, the antenna operates over a broadband frequency range of 3–5 GHz.

ant = spiralArchimedean(Name=Value) sets properties using one or more name-value arguments. Name is the property name and Value is the corresponding value. You can specify several name-value arguments in any order as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN. Properties that you do not specify, retain their default values.

For example, ant = spiralArchimedean(Turns=6.25) creates a Archimedean spiral of 6.25 turns.

example

Output Arguments

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MATLAB object, returned as scalar spiralArchimedean object.

Properties

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Number of arms, specified as a scalar integer. You can also create a single arm Archimedean spiral by specifying NumArms is equal to one.

Example: 1

Data Types: double

Number of turns of the spiral antenna, specified as a scalar.

Example: 2

Data Types: double

inner radius of the spiral antenna, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 1e-3

Data Types: double

Outer radius of the spiral antenna, specified as a scalar in meters.

Example: 1e-3

Data Types: double

Direction of the spiral turns (windings), specified as 'CW' or 'CCW'.

Example: "CW"

Data Types: string

Type of the metal used as a conductor, specified as a metal material object. You can choose any metal from the MetalCatalog or specify a metal of your choice. For more information, see metal. For more information on metal conductor meshing, see Meshing.

Example: m = metal('Copper'); 'Conductor',m

Example: m = metal('Copper'); ant.Conductor = m

Lumped elements added to the spiral antenna feed, specified as a lumped element object. You can add a load anywhere on the surface of the antenna. By default, it is at the origin. For more information, see lumpedElement.

Example: 'Load',lumpedelement. lumpedelement is the object for the load created using lumpedElement.

Example: ant.Load = lumpedElement('Impedance',75)

Data Types: double

Tilt angle of the antenna in degrees, specified as a scalar or vector. For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: 90

Example: Tilt=[90 90],TiltAxis=[0 1 0;0 1 1] tilts the antenna at 90 degrees about the two axes defined by the vectors.

Data Types: double

Tilt axis of the antenna, specified as one of these values:

  • Three-element vector of Cartesian coordinates in meters. In this case, each coordinate in the vector starts at the origin and lies along the specified points on the x-, y-, and z-axes.

  • Two points in space, specified as a 2-by-3 matrix corresponding to two three-element vectors of Cartesian coordinates. In this case, the antenna rotates around the line joining the two points.

  • "x", "y", or "z" to describe a rotation about the x-, y-, or z-axis, respectively.

For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: [0 1 0]

Example: [0 0 0;0 1 0]

Example: "Z"

Data Types: double | string

Object Functions

axialRatioCalculate and plot axial ratio of antenna or array
bandwidthCalculate and plot absolute bandwidth of antenna or array
beamwidthBeamwidth of antenna
chargeCharge distribution on antenna or array surface
currentCurrent distribution on antenna or array surface
designDesign prototype antenna or arrays for resonance around specified frequency or create AI-based antenna from antenna catalog objects
efficiencyCalculate and plot radiation efficiency of antenna or array
EHfieldsElectric and magnetic fields of antennas or embedded electric and magnetic fields of antenna element in arrays
feedCurrentCalculate current at feed for antenna or array
impedanceCalculate and plot input impedance of antenna or scan impedance of array
infoDisplay information about antenna, array, or platform
memoryEstimateEstimate memory required to solve antenna or array mesh
meshMesh properties of metal, dielectric antenna, or array structure
meshconfigChange meshing mode of antenna, array, custom antenna, custom array, or custom geometry
msiwriteWrite antenna or array analysis data to MSI planet file
optimizeOptimize antenna or array using SADEA optimizer
patternPlot radiation pattern and phase of antenna or array or embedded pattern of antenna element in array
patternAzimuthAzimuth plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
patternElevationElevation plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
peakRadiationCalculate and mark maximum radiation points of antenna or array on radiation pattern
rcsCalculate and plot monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of platform, antenna, or array
resonantFrequencyCalculate and plot resonant frequency of antenna
returnLossCalculate and plot return loss of antenna or scan return loss of array
showDisplay antenna, array structures, shapes, or platform
sparametersCalculate S-parameters for antenna or array
stlwriteWrite mesh information to STL file
vswrCalculate and plot voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of antenna or array element

Examples

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Open Live Script

Create and view a 2-turn Archimedean spiral antenna with a 1 mm starting radius and 40 mm outer radius.

sa = spiralArchimedean(Turns=2,InnerRadius=1e-3,OuterRadius=40e-3);
show(sa)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title spiralArchimedean antenna element, xlabel x (mm), ylabel y (mm) contains 3 objects of type patch, surface. These objects represent PEC, feed.

Open Live Script

Calculate the impedance of an Archimedean spiral antenna over a frequency range of 1-5 GHz.

sa = spiralArchimedean(Turns=2,InnerRadius=1e-3,OuterRadius=40e-3);
impedance(sa,linspace(1e9,5e9,21));

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title Impedance, xlabel Frequency (GHz), ylabel Impedance (ohms) contains 2 objects of type line. These objects represent Resistance, Reactance.

Open Live Script

Create and view a single-arm Archimedean spiral.

ant = spiralArchimedean;
ant.NumArms = 1
ant = 
  spiralArchimedean with properties:

             NumArms: 1
               Turns: 1.5000
         InnerRadius: 5.0000e-04
         OuterRadius: 0.0398
    WindingDirection: 'CCW'
           Conductor: [1x1 metal]
                Tilt: 0
            TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
                Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]


show(ant)

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with title spiralArchimedean antenna element, xlabel x (mm), ylabel y (mm) contains 3 objects of type patch, surface. These objects represent PEC, feed.

References

[1] Balanis, C.A. Antenna Theory. Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.

[2] Nakano, H., Oyanagi, H. and Yamauchi, J. “A Wideband Circularly Polarized Conical Beam From a Two-Arm Spiral Antenna Excited in Phase”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. Vol. 59, No. 10, Oct 2011, pp. 3518-3525.

[3] Volakis, John. Antenna Engineering Handbook, 4th Ed. McGraw-Hill

Version History

Introduced in R2015a

See Also

Objects

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