Battery Pack Modeling

Build battery models using MATLAB and Simscape

Simscape™ Battery™ includes MATLAB^® objects and methods to automate the creation of Simscape battery models. These MATLAB objects allow you to define your own battery design specifications, visualize your battery in a 3-D space, customize the modeling resolution during simulation, and generate a Simulink^® library that contains your custom generated battery blocks. You can use these blocks to assist with virtual battery design and verification, help develop battery control algorithms using Simulink, explore design sensitivities, and design thermal management strategies.

You can develop and test battery control strategies by simulating your custom battery blocks with the blocks in the Battery Management System (BMS) library of Simscape Battery. You can also thermally couple your custom battery models in Simulink with the blocks in the Thermal Management System library. Alternatively, you can define your own custom battery control and cooling system blocks.

Apps

Battery Builder

Define battery system and automatically generate dynamic models (Since R2023a)

Functions

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Create Batteries and Library Blocks

`batteryCell`	Create single electrochemical battery cell (Since R2024a)
`batteryParallelAssembly`	Create parallel assembly of battery cells (Since R2024a)
`batteryModule`	Create module of battery parallel assemblies (Since R2024a)
`batteryModuleAssembly`	Create assembly of battery modules (Since R2024a)
`batteryPack`	Create pack of module assemblies (Since R2024a)
`batteryCellModelBlock`	Set of conditional parameters for `Cell` object (Since R2024a)
`batteryCylindricalGeometry`	Cylindrical geometry for battery cell (Since R2024a)
`batteryPouchGeometry`	Pouch geometry for battery cell (Since R2024a)
`batteryPrismaticGeometry`	Prismatic geometry for battery cell (Since R2024a)
`buildBattery`	Build custom library blocks from battery objects (Since R2022b)

Modify Properties of Objects

`modifyCell`	Modify properties of cells (Since R2023b)
`modifyParallelAssembly`	Modify properties of parallel assemblies (Since R2023b)
`modifyModule`	Modify properties of modules (Since R2023b)
`modifyModuleAssembly`	Modify properties of module assemblies (Since R2023b)
`modifyBattery`	Modify properties of battery objects (Since R2023b)

Objects

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Batteries

`Cell`	Create single electrochemical battery cell (Since R2022b)
`ParallelAssembly`	Create parallel assembly of battery cells (Since R2022b)
`Module`	Create module of battery parallel assemblies (Since R2022b)
`ModuleAssembly`	Create assembly of battery modules (Since R2022b)
`Pack`	Create pack of module assemblies (Since R2022b)
`CellModelBlock`	Set of conditional parameters for `Cell` object (Since R2022b)

Geometries

`CylindricalGeometry`	Cylindrical geometry for battery cell (Since R2022b)
`PouchGeometry`	Pouch geometry for battery cell (Since R2022b)
`PrismaticGeometry`	Prismatic geometry for battery cell (Since R2022b)

Visualization

`BatteryChart`	Visualize battery objects (Since R2022b)
`BatterySimulationLog`	Store logged Simscape simulation data of battery block in Simulink model (Since R2023b)
`BatterySimulationChart`	Dynamically visualize battery objects (Since R2023b)

Simscape Blocks

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Cell Blocks

Battery	Behavioral battery model
Battery (Table-Based)	Tabulated battery model
Battery Equivalent Circuit	Battery model with electro-thermal dynamics and optional faults (Since R2023b)
Battery Single Particle	Battery model with single-particle approach (Since R2024a)
Fuel Cell Equivalent Circuit	Polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell using electrical circuit elements and dynamic membrane water content (Since R2024b)

Generated Blocks

ParallelAssembly (Generated Block)	Generated Simscape model of battery parallel assembly (Since R2022b)
Module (Generated Block)	Generated Simscape model of battery module (Since R2022b)
ModuleAssembly (Generated Block)	Generated Simscape model of battery module assembly (Since R2022b)
Pack (Generated Block)	Generated Simscape model of battery pack (Since R2022b)

Tools

Simscape Battery Onramp	Free, self-paced, interactive Simscape Battery course (Since R2024a)
Battery Pack Modeling	Self-paced, interactive course available as part of Online Training Suite subscription or for individual purchase (Since R2024b)

Topics

Battery Modeling Workflow
Learn how to create your battery models by using Simscape Battery.
Manage Battery Run-Time Parameters with Centralized Script
Learn how to easily manage and characterize the run-time parameters of your battery models.

Featured Examples

Get Started with Battery Builder App

Use the Battery Builder app to interactively create a battery pack with thermal effects and build a Simscape™ model that you can use as a starting point for your simulations.

Open Live Script

Build Detailed Model of Battery Pack from Cylindrical Cells

Create and build Simscape™ system models for various battery designs and configurations based on cylindrical battery cells in Simscape™ Battery™. The buildBattery function allows you to automatically generate Simscape models for these Simscape Battery objects:

Open Live Script

Build Detailed Model of Battery Pack from Pouch Cells

Create and build Simscape™ system models for various battery designs and configurations based on pouch battery cells in Simscape™ Battery™. The buildBattery function allows you to automatically generate Simscape models for these Simscape Battery objects:

Open Live Script

Analyze Battery Spatial Temperature Variation During Fast Charge

How the temperature gradient over the cell surface varies during the fast charging of a battery. Fast charging is one of the key enablers for the adoption of battery electric vehicles. Fast charging pushes a considerable amount of current inside the battery. This process produces a lot of heat. It is important to understand how temperatures spatially vary in a battery and how this affects its long term warranty. Typically, to ensure a good battery life with uniform degradation, the temperature gradient over the cell surface should not exceed around five or six degrees centigrade. This example uses Simscape™ Battery™ to model the cell electrical dynamics and the PDE Toolbox™ to generate the reduced order model (ROM) that describes the battery 3-D thermal model. This example uses a 50Ahr battery (Valence:U27_36XP) and charges it for 10 minutes from an initial state of charge (SOC) of 15%. Then, the example analyzes the maximum gradient in the cell temperature.

Open Live Script

Analyze Performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Model a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), calculate the state of charge (SOC), and assess the impact of electrolyte flow rate on the performance of the battery.

Since R2023b
Open Live Script

Characterize Battery Cell for Electric Vehicles

Characterize a battery cell for electric vehicle applications using the test method from [1]. This example estimates the parameters of BAK N18650CL-29 18650 type lithium-ion cells [2] at five different ambient temperatures. The battery hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test is performed in controlled environmental chambers.

Open Live Script

Design Battery Module for Automotive Requirements

Design a battery module and a cooling plate from a battery cell test data. Modular battery units are a good solution to decrease the cost of automotive battery packs. Battery modules can help meet requirements of different customers in similar industry domains. The battery cells are typically parameterized using pulse discharge and charge data. This example uses the high pulse power characterization (HPPC) test [1] to estimate the battery ohmic resistance and other dynamic resistance values.

Since R2024a
Open Live Script

Parameterize Entropic Coefficient with Measurement Protocol and Data Analysis

What experiments to conduct and how to analyze the resulting experimental data for parameterizing the entropic coefficient. The entropic heat is a reversible heat generation term inside battery thermal models. This equation calculates the entropic heat,

Since R2024a
Open Live Script

Model Voltage Hysteresis in Battery

Simulate the voltage hysteresis phenomena in rechargeable batteries by using the Battery Equivalent Circuit block. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) is the difference in measured voltage between the battery terminals when the current flow is equal to zero. The OCV is the electromotive force or the rest potential. For rechargeable or secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, the OCV at a given state of charge and temperature state depends on whether you previously charged or discharged the battery. In lithium-ion cells with conventional intercalation electrodes, this discrepancy is typically explained by the presence of different solid phases in the electrode active material, reaction path hysteresis, and related thermodynamic effects. The lithiation and delithiation of an electrode active material during the charge and discharge processes often produce different electrode solid phases at different states of charge depending on battery chemistry.

Since R2024a
Open Live Script

Inject Faults in Battery Models

Inject faults in battery models during simulations using Simscape™ Battery™ and Simulink™ software. First, you explore the effect of disconnecting a battery cell from the other cells of a parallel assembly inside a battery module. A cell disconnection typically happens due to a weld failure or a failure in the cell current interruption device. Then, you add an internal short-circuit fault to a cell of a parallel assembly inside a battery module. The fault triggers a set of exothermic reactions, known as a thermal runaway. You activate both faults during the simulation by using a timed trigger at a simulation time of 30 seconds.

Since R2023b
Open Live Script

New

Model PEM Fuel Cell with Membrane Water Dynamics

Model a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack with a custom Simscape™ block. The block models the water transport dynamics that occur in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a PEM fuel cell. For more information about the water transport dynamics, see the Fuel Cell Equivalent Circuit block.

Since R2024b
Open Script