Documentation

# convmtx

Convolution matrix

## Syntax

``A = convmtx(h,n)``

## Description

example

````A = convmtx(h,n)` returns the convolution matrix, `A`, such that the product of `A` and an `n`-element vector, `x`, is the convolution of `h` and `x`.```

## Examples

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Computing a convolution using `conv` when the signals are vectors is generally more efficient than using `convmtx`. For multichannel signals, `convmtx` might be more efficient.

Compute the convolution of two random vectors, `a` and `b`, using both `conv` and `convmtx`. The signals have 1000 samples each. Compare the times spent by the two functions. Eliminate random fluctuations by repeating the calculation 30 times and averaging.

```Nt = 30; Na = 1000; Nb = 1000; tcnv = 0; tmtx = 0; for kj = 1:Nt a = randn(Na,1); b = randn(Nb,1); tic n = conv(a,b); tcnv = tcnv+toc; tic c = convmtx(b,Na); d = c*a; tmtx = tmtx+toc; end t1col = [tcnv tmtx]/Nt```
```t1col = 1×2 0.0284 0.0492 ```
`t1rat = tcnv\tmtx`
```t1rat = 1.7331 ```

`conv` is about two orders of magnitude more efficient.

Repeat the exercise for the case where `a` is a multichannel signal with 1000 channels. Optimize `conv`'s performance by preallocating.

```Nchan = 1000; tcnv = 0; tmtx = 0; n = zeros(Na+Nb-1,Nchan); for kj = 1:Nt a = randn(Na,Nchan); b = randn(Nb,1); tic for k = 1:Nchan n(:,k) = conv(a(:,k),b); end tcnv = tcnv+toc; tic c = convmtx(b,Na); d = c*a; tmtx = tmtx+toc; end tmcol = [tcnv tmtx]/Nt```
```tmcol = 1×2 0.4633 0.2608 ```
`tmrat = tcnv/tmtx`
```tmrat = 1.7763 ```

`convmtx` is about three times as efficient as `conv`.

## Input Arguments

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Input vector, specified as a row or column.

Data Types: `single` | `double`

Length of vector to convolve, specified as a positive integer.

• If `h` is a column vector of length `m`, `A` is `(m+n-1)`-by-`n`, and the product of `A` and a column vector, `x`, of length `n` is the convolution of `h` and `x`.

• If `h` is a row vector of length `m`, `A` is `n`-by-`(m+n-1)`, and the product of a row vector, `x`, of length `n` with `A` is the convolution of `h` and `x`.

## Output Arguments

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Convolution matrix of input `h` and the vector `x`, returned as a matrix.

## Algorithms

• `convmtx` uses the function `toeplitz` to generate the convolution matrix.

• `convmtx` handles edge conditions by zero padding.